rotate()

The rotate() CSS function defines a transformation that moves the element around a fixed point (as specified by the transform-origin property) without deforming it. The amount of movement is defined by the specified angle; if positive, the movement will be clockwise, if negative, it will be counter-clockwise. A rotation by 180° is called point reflection.

Syntax

How to read CSS syntax.

rotate(a)

Values

a: Is an <angle> representing the angle of the rotation. A positive angle denotes a clockwise rotation, a negative angle a counter-clockwise one.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ²	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ²	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ³	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ³
$(\begin{matrix} cos(a) & -sin(a) \\ sin(a) & cos(a) \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} cos(a) & -sin(a) & 0 \\ sin(a) & cos(a) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} cos(a) & -sin(a) & 0 \\ sin(a) & cos(a) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$	$(\begin{matrix} cos(a) & -sin(a) & 0 & 0 \\ sin(a) & cos(a) & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix})$
	`[cos(a) sin(a) -sin(a) cos(a) 0 0]`

Examples

HTML

<p>foo</p>
<p class="transformed">bar</p>

CSS

p { 
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background-color: teal;
}

.transformed{
  /* identical to rotateZ(45deg); */
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  background-color: blue;
}

rotate()

Syntax

Values

Examples

HTML

CSS

Result

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