LuaSocket

LuaSocket is a Lua extension library that provides support for the TCP and UDP transport layers. Defold provides the "socket" namespace in runtime, which contain the core C functionality. Additional LuaSocket support modules for SMTP, HTTP, FTP etc are not part of the core included, but can be easily added to a project and used.

Note the included helper module "socket.lua" in "builtins/scripts/socket.lua". Require this module to add some additional functions and shortcuts to the namespace:

require "builtins.scripts.socket"

LuaSocket is Copyright © 2004-2007 Diego Nehab. All rights reserved. LuaSocket is free software, released under the MIT license (same license as the Lua core).

client:close()

closes a client TCP object

Closes the TCP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed socket.

It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though.

client:dirty()

checks the read buffer status

Check the read buffer status.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

status -

boolean true if there is any data in the read buffer, false otherwise.

client:getfd()

gets the socket descriptor

Returns the underlying socket descriptor or handle associated to the object.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

handle -

number the descriptor or handle. In case the object has been closed, the return will be -1.

client:getoption()

gets options for the socket

Gets options for the TCP object. See client:setoption for description of the option names and values.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to get:

RETURN

value -

any the option value, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

client:getpeername()

gets information about a client's peer

Returns information about the remote side of a connected client object.

It makes no sense to call this method on server objects.

RETURN

info -

string a string with the IP address of the peer, the port number that peer is using for the connection, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

client:getsockname()

gets the local address information from client

Returns the local address information associated to the object.

RETURN

info -

string a string with local IP address, the local port number, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

client:getstats()

gets accounting information on the socket

Returns accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

RETURN

stats -

string a string with the number of bytes received, the number of bytes sent, and the age of the socket object in seconds.

client:receive()

receives data from a client socket

Reads data from a client object, according to the specified read pattern. Patterns follow the Lua file I/O format, and the difference in performance between patterns is negligible.

PARAMETERS

[pattern] -

string | number the read pattern that can be any of the following:

"*a"
reads from the socket until the connection is closed. No end-of-line translation is performed;
"*l"
reads a line of text from the socket. The line is terminated by a LF character (ASCII 10), optionally preceded by a CR character (ASCII 13). The CR and LF characters are not included in the returned line. In fact, all CR characters are ignored by the pattern. This is the default pattern;
number
causes the method to read a specified number of bytes from the socket.

[prefix] -

string an optional string to be concatenated to the beginning of any received data before return.

RETURN

data -

string the received pattern, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred. The error message can be the string "closed" in case the connection was closed before the transmission was completed or the string "timeout" in case there was a timeout during the operation.

partial -

string a (possibly empty) string containing the partial that was received, or nil if no error occurred.

client:send()

sends data through client socket

Sends data through client object. The optional arguments i and j work exactly like the standard string.sub Lua function to allow the selection of a substring to be sent.

Output is not buffered. For small strings, it is always better to concatenate them in Lua (with the .. operator) and send the result in one call instead of calling the method several times.

PARAMETERS

data -

string the string to be sent.

[i] -

number optional starting index of the string.

[j] -

number optional end index of string.

RETURN

index -

number the index of the last byte within [i, j] that has been sent, or nil in case of error. Notice that, if i is 1 or absent, this is effectively the total number of bytes sent.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred. The error message can be "closed" in case the connection was closed before the transmission was completed or the string "timeout" in case there was a timeout during the operation.

lastindex -

number in case of error, the index of the last byte within [i, j] that has been sent. You might want to try again from the byte following that. nil if no error occurred.

client:setfd()

sets the socket descriptor

Sets the underling socket descriptor or handle associated to the object. The current one is simply replaced, not closed, and no other change to the object state is made

PARAMETERS

handle -

number the descriptor or handle to set.

client:setoption()

sets options for the socket

Sets options for the TCP object. Options are only needed by low-level or time-critical applications. You should only modify an option if you are sure you need it.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to set. The value is provided in the value parameter:

"keepalive"
Setting this option to true enables the periodic transmission of messages on a connected socket. Should the connected party fail to respond to these messages, the connection is considered broken and processes using the socket are notified;
"linger"
Controls the action taken when unsent data are queued on a socket and a close is performed. The value is a table with the following keys:

If the 'on' field is set to true, the system will block the process on the close attempt until it is able to transmit the data or until timeout has passed. If 'on' is false and a close is issued, the system will process the close in a manner that allows the process to continue as quickly as possible. It is not advised to set this to anything other than zero;

"reuseaddr"
Setting this option indicates that the rules used in validating addresses supplied in a call to bind should allow reuse of local addresses;
"tcp-nodelay"
Setting this option to true disables the Nagle's algorithm for the connection;
"ipv6-v6only"
Setting this option to true restricts an inet6 socket to sending and receiving only IPv6 packets.

[value] -

any the value to set for the specified option.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

client:setstats()

resets accounting information on the socket

Resets accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

PARAMETERS

received -

number the new number of bytes received.

sent -

number the new number of bytes sent.

age -

number the new age in seconds.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 in case of success, or nil in case of error.

client:settimeout()

set the timeout values for the socket

Changes the timeout values for the object. By default, all I/O operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods send, receive, and accept will block indefinitely, until the operation completes. The settimeout method defines a limit on the amount of time the I/O methods can block. When a timeout is set and the specified amount of time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code.

There are two timeout modes and both can be used together for fine tuning.

Although timeout values have millisecond precision in LuaSocket, large blocks can cause I/O functions not to respect timeout values due to the time the library takes to transfer blocks to and from the OS and to and from the Lua interpreter. Also, function that accept host names and perform automatic name resolution might be blocked by the resolver for longer than the specified timeout value.

PARAMETERS

value -

number the amount of time to wait, in seconds. The nil timeout value allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.

[mode] -

string optional timeout mode to set:

"b"
block timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can be blocked by the operating system while waiting for completion of any single I/O operation. This is the default mode;
"t"
total timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can block a Lua script before returning from a call.

client:shutdown()

shut down socket

Shuts down part of a full-duplex connection.

PARAMETERS

mode -

string which way of the connection should be shut down:

"both"
disallow further sends and receives on the object. This is the default mode;
"send"
disallow further sends on the object;
"receive"
disallow further receives on the object.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1.

connected:close()

closes the UDP socket

Closes a UDP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed socket.

It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though.

connected:getoption()

gets options for the UDP socket

Gets an option value from the UDP object. See connected:setoption for description of the option names and values.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to get:

RETURN

value -

any the option value, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

connected:getpeername()

gets information about the UDP socket peer

Retrieves information about the peer associated with a connected UDP object.

It makes no sense to call this method on unconnected objects.

RETURN

info -

string a string with the IP address of the peer, the port number that peer is using for the connection, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

connected:getsockname()

gets the local address information associated to the socket

Returns the local address information associated to the object.

UDP sockets are not bound to any address until the setsockname or the sendto method is called for the first time (in which case it is bound to an ephemeral port and the wild-card address).

RETURN

info -

string a string with local IP address, a number with the local port, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

connected:receive()

receives a datagram from the UDP socket

Receives a datagram from the UDP object. If the UDP object is connected, only datagrams coming from the peer are accepted. Otherwise, the returned datagram can come from any host.

PARAMETERS

[size] -

number optional maximum size of the datagram to be retrieved. If there are more than size bytes available in the datagram, the excess bytes are discarded. If there are less then size bytes available in the current datagram, the available bytes are returned. If size is omitted, the maximum datagram size is used (which is currently limited by the implementation to 8192 bytes).

RETURN

datagram -

string the received datagram, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

connected:send()

sends a datagram through the connected UDP socket

Sends a datagram to the UDP peer of a connected object.

In UDP, the send method never blocks and the only way it can fail is if the underlying transport layer refuses to send a message to the specified address (i.e. no interface accepts the address).

PARAMETERS

datagram -

string a string with the datagram contents. The maximum datagram size for UDP is 64K minus IP layer overhead. However datagrams larger than the link layer packet size will be fragmented, which may deteriorate performance and/or reliability.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 on success, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

connected:setoption()

sets options for the UDP socket

Sets options for the UDP object. Options are only needed by low-level or time-critical applications. You should only modify an option if you are sure you need it.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to set. The value is provided in the value parameter:

"dontroute"
Indicates that outgoing messages should bypass the standard routing facilities. Receives a boolean value;
"broadcast"
Requests permission to send broadcast datagrams on the socket. Receives a boolean value;
"reuseaddr"
Indicates that the rules used in validating addresses supplied in a bind call should allow reuse of local addresses. Receives a boolean value;
"reuseport"
Allows completely duplicate bindings by multiple processes if they all set "reuseport" before binding the port. Receives a boolean value;
"ip-multicast-loop"
Specifies whether or not a copy of an outgoing multicast datagram is delivered to the sending host as long as it is a member of the multicast group. Receives a boolean value;
"ipv6-v6only"
Specifies whether to restrict inet6 sockets to sending and receiving only IPv6 packets. Receive a boolean value;
"ip-multicast-if"
Sets the interface over which outgoing multicast datagrams are sent. Receives an IP address;
"ip-multicast-ttl"
Sets the Time To Live in the IP header for outgoing multicast datagrams. Receives a number;

"ip-add-membership": Joins the multicast group specified. Receives a table with fields:

"'ip-drop-membership"`
Leaves the multicast group specified. Receives a table with fields:

[value] -

any the value to set for the specified option.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

connected:setpeername()

remove the peer of the connected UDP socket

Changes the peer of a UDP object. This method turns an unconnected UDP object into a connected UDP object or vice versa.

For connected objects, outgoing datagrams will be sent to the specified peer, and datagrams received from other peers will be discarded by the OS. Connected UDP objects must use the send and receive methods instead of sendto and receivefrom.

Since the address of the peer does not have to be passed to and from the OS, the use of connected UDP objects is recommended when the same peer is used for several transmissions and can result in up to 30% performance gains.

PARAMETERS

"*" -

string if address is "*" and the object is connected, the peer association is removed and the object becomes an unconnected object again.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 on success, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

connected:settimeout()

sets the timeout value for the UDP socket

Changes the timeout values for the object. By default, the receive and receivefrom operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods will block indefinitely, until data arrives. The settimeout function defines a limit on the amount of time the functions can block. When a timeout is set and the specified amount of time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code.

In UDP, the send and sendto methods never block (the datagram is just passed to the OS and the call returns immediately). Therefore, the settimeout method has no effect on them.

PARAMETERS

value -

number the amount of time to wait, in seconds. The nil timeout value allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.

master:bind()

binds a master object to address and port on the local host

Binds a master object to address and port on the local host.

PARAMETERS

address -

string an IP address or a host name. If address is "*", the system binds to all local interfaces using the INADDR_ANY constant.

port -

number the port to commect to, in the range [0..64K). If port is 0, the system automatically chooses an ephemeral port.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

master:close()

closes a master TCP object

Closes the TCP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed socket.

It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though.

master:connect()

connects a master object to a remote host

Attempts to connect a master object to a remote host, transforming it into a client object. Client objects support methods send, receive, getsockname, getpeername, settimeout, and close.

Note that the function socket.connect is available and is a shortcut for the creation of client sockets.

PARAMETERS

address -

string an IP address or a host name. If address is "*", the system binds to all local interfaces using the INADDR_ANY constant.

port -

number the port to commect to, in the range [0..64K). If port is 0, the system automatically chooses an ephemeral port.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

master:dirty()

checks the read buffer status

Check the read buffer status.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

status -

boolean true if there is any data in the read buffer, false otherwise.

master:getfd()

gets the socket descriptor

Returns the underlying socket descriptor or handle associated to the object.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

handle -

number the descriptor or handle. In case the object has been closed, the return will be -1.

master:getsockname()

gets the local address information from master

Returns the local address information associated to the object.

RETURN

info -

string a string with local IP address, the local port number, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

master:getstats()

gets accounting information on the socket

Returns accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

RETURN

stats -

string a string with the number of bytes received, the number of bytes sent, and the age of the socket object in seconds.

master:listen()

makes the master socket listen for connections

Specifies the socket is willing to receive connections, transforming the object into a server object. Server objects support the accept, getsockname, setoption, settimeout, and close methods.

PARAMETERS

backlog -

number the number of client connections that can be queued waiting for service. If the queue is full and another client attempts connection, the connection is refused.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

master:setfd()

sets the socket descriptor

Sets the underling socket descriptor or handle associated to the object. The current one is simply replaced, not closed, and no other change to the object state is made

PARAMETERS

handle -

number the descriptor or handle to set.

master:setstats()

resets accounting information on the socket

Resets accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

PARAMETERS

received -

number the new number of bytes received.

sent -

number the new number of bytes sent.

age -

number the new age in seconds.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 in case of success, or nil in case of error.

master:settimeout()

set the timeout values for the socket

Changes the timeout values for the object. By default, all I/O operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods send, receive, and accept will block indefinitely, until the operation completes. The settimeout method defines a limit on the amount of time the I/O methods can block. When a timeout is set and the specified amount of time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code.

There are two timeout modes and both can be used together for fine tuning.

Although timeout values have millisecond precision in LuaSocket, large blocks can cause I/O functions not to respect timeout values due to the time the library takes to transfer blocks to and from the OS and to and from the Lua interpreter. Also, function that accept host names and perform automatic name resolution might be blocked by the resolver for longer than the specified timeout value.

PARAMETERS

value -

number the amount of time to wait, in seconds. The nil timeout value allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.

[mode] -

string optional timeout mode to set:

"b"
block timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can be blocked by the operating system while waiting for completion of any single I/O operation. This is the default mode;
"t"
total timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can block a Lua script before returning from a call.

server:accept()

waits for a remote connection on the server object

Waits for a remote connection on the server object and returns a client object representing that connection.

Calling socket.select with a server object in the recvt parameter before a call to accept does not guarantee accept will return immediately. Use the settimeout method or accept might block until another client shows up.

RETURN

tcp_client -

client if a connection is successfully initiated, a client object is returned, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred. The error is "timeout" if a timeout condition is met.

server:close()

closes a server TCP object

Closes the TCP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed socket.

It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though.

server:dirty()

checks the read buffer status

Check the read buffer status.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

status -

boolean true if there is any data in the read buffer, false otherwise.

server:getfd()

gets the socket descriptor

Returns the underlying socket descriptor or handle associated to the object.

This is an internal method, any use is unlikely to be portable.

RETURN

handle -

number the descriptor or handle. In case the object has been closed, the return will be -1.

server:getoption()

gets options for the socket

Gets options for the TCP object. See server:setoption for description of the option names and values.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to get:

RETURN

value -

any the option value, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

server:getsockname()

gets the local address information from server

Returns the local address information associated to the object.

RETURN

info -

string a string with local IP address, the local port number, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

server:getstats()

gets accounting information on the socket

Returns accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

RETURN

stats -

string a string with the number of bytes received, the number of bytes sent, and the age of the socket object in seconds.

server:setfd()

sets the socket descriptor

Sets the underling socket descriptor or handle associated to the object. The current one is simply replaced, not closed, and no other change to the object state is made

PARAMETERS

handle -

number the descriptor or handle to set.

server:setoption()

sets options for the socket

Sets options for the TCP object. Options are only needed by low-level or time-critical applications. You should only modify an option if you are sure you need it.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to set. The value is provided in the value parameter:

"keepalive"
Setting this option to true enables the periodic transmission of messages on a connected socket. Should the connected party fail to respond to these messages, the connection is considered broken and processes using the socket are notified;
"linger"
Controls the action taken when unsent data are queued on a socket and a close is performed. The value is a table with the following keys:

If the 'on' field is set to true, the system will block the process on the close attempt until it is able to transmit the data or until timeout has passed. If 'on' is false and a close is issued, the system will process the close in a manner that allows the process to continue as quickly as possible. It is not advised to set this to anything other than zero;

"reuseaddr"
Setting this option indicates that the rules used in validating addresses supplied in a call to bind should allow reuse of local addresses;
"tcp-nodelay"
Setting this option to true disables the Nagle's algorithm for the connection;
"ipv6-v6only"
Setting this option to true restricts an inet6 socket to sending and receiving only IPv6 packets.

[value] -

any the value to set for the specified option.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

server:setstats()

resets accounting information on the socket

Resets accounting information on the socket, useful for throttling of bandwidth.

PARAMETERS

received -

number the new number of bytes received.

sent -

number the new number of bytes sent.

age -

number the new age in seconds.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 in case of success, or nil in case of error.

server:settimeout()

set the timeout values for the socket

Changes the timeout values for the object. By default, all I/O operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods send, receive, and accept will block indefinitely, until the operation completes. The settimeout method defines a limit on the amount of time the I/O methods can block. When a timeout is set and the specified amount of time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code.

There are two timeout modes and both can be used together for fine tuning.

Although timeout values have millisecond precision in LuaSocket, large blocks can cause I/O functions not to respect timeout values due to the time the library takes to transfer blocks to and from the OS and to and from the Lua interpreter. Also, function that accept host names and perform automatic name resolution might be blocked by the resolver for longer than the specified timeout value.

PARAMETERS

value -

number the amount of time to wait, in seconds. The nil timeout value allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.

[mode] -

string optional timeout mode to set:

"b"
block timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can be blocked by the operating system while waiting for completion of any single I/O operation. This is the default mode;
"t"
total timeout. Specifies the upper limit on the amount of time LuaSocket can block a Lua script before returning from a call.

socket._SETSIZE

max numbers of sockets the select function can handle

This constant contains the maximum number of sockets that the select function can handle.

socket._VERSION

the current LuaSocket version

This constant has a string describing the current LuaSocket version.

socket.connect()

creates a new connected TCP client object

This function is a shortcut that creates and returns a TCP client object connected to a remote address at a given port. Optionally, the user can also specify the local address and port to bind (locaddr and locport), or restrict the socket family to "inet" or "inet6". Without specifying family to connect, whether a tcp or tcp6 connection is created depends on your system configuration.

PARAMETERS

address -

string the address to connect to.

port -

number the port to connect to.

[locaddr] -

string optional local address to bind to.

[locport] -

number optional local port to bind to.

[family] -

string optional socket family to use, "inet" or "inet6".

RETURN

tcp_client -

client a new IPv6 TCP client object, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.dns.getaddrinfo()

resolve to IPv4 or IPv6 address

This function converts a host name to IPv4 or IPv6 address. The supplied address can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address or host name.

The function returns a table with all information returned by the resolver:

{
 [1] = {
    family = family-name-1,
    addr = address-1
  },
  ...
  [n] = {
    family = family-name-n,
    addr = address-n
  }
}

Here, family contains the string "inet" for IPv4 addresses, and "inet6" for IPv6 addresses. In case of error, the function returns nil followed by an error message.

PARAMETERS

address -

string a hostname or an IPv4 or IPv6 address.

RETURN

resolved -

table a table with all information returned by the resolver, or if an error occurs, nil.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.dns.gethostname()

gets the machine host name

Returns the standard host name for the machine as a string.

RETURN

hostname -

string the host name for the machine.

socket.dns.getnameinfo()

resolve to hostname (IPv4 or IPv6)

This function converts an address to host name. The supplied address can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address or host name.

The function returns a table with all information returned by the resolver:

{
  [1] = host-name-1,
  ...
  [n] = host-name-n,
}

PARAMETERS

address -

string a hostname or an IPv4 or IPv6 address.

RETURN

resolved -

table a table with all information returned by the resolver, or if an error occurs, nil.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.dns.tohostname()

resolve to host name (IPv4)

This function converts from an IPv4 address to host name. The address can be an IPv4 address or a host name.

PARAMETERS

address -

string an IPv4 address or host name.

RETURN

hostname -

string the canonic host name of the given address, or nil in case of an error.

resolved -

table | string a table with all information returned by the resolver, or if an error occurs, the error message string.

socket.dns.toip()

resolve to IPv4 address

This function converts a host name to IPv4 address. The address can be an IP address or a host name.

PARAMETERS

address -

string a hostname or an IP address.

RETURN

ip_address -

string the first IP address found for the hostname, or nil in case of an error.

resolved -

table | string a table with all information returned by the resolver, or if an error occurs, the error message string.

socket.gettime()

gets seconds since system epoch

Returns the time in seconds, relative to the system epoch (Unix epoch time since January 1, 1970 (UTC) or Windows file time since January 1, 1601 (UTC)). You should use the values returned by this function for relative measurements only.

RETURN

seconds -

number the number of seconds elapsed.

EXAMPLES

How to use the gettime() function to measure running time:

t = socket.gettime()
-- do stuff
print(socket.gettime() - t .. " seconds elapsed")

socket.newtry()

creates a new try function

This function creates and returns a clean try function that allows for cleanup before the exception is raised. The finalizer function will be called in protected mode (see protect).

PARAMETERS

finalizer -

function() a function that will be called before the try throws the exception.

RETURN

try -

function the customized try function.

EXAMPLES

Perform operations on an open socket c:

-- create a try function that closes 'c' on error
local try = socket.newtry(function() c:close() end)
-- do everything reassured c will be closed
try(c:send("hello there?\r\n"))
local answer = try(c:receive())
...
try(c:send("good bye\r\n"))
c:close()

socket.protect()

converts a function that throws exceptions into a safe function

Converts a function that throws exceptions into a safe function. This function only catches exceptions thrown by try functions. It does not catch normal Lua errors.

Beware that if your function performs some illegal operation that raises an error, the protected function will catch the error and return it as a string. This is because try functions uses errors as the mechanism to throw exceptions.

PARAMETERS

func -

function a function that calls a try function (or assert, or error) to throw exceptions.

RETURN

safe_func -

function(function()) an equivalent function that instead of throwing exceptions, returns nil followed by an error message.

EXAMPLES

local dostuff = socket.protect(function()
    local try = socket.newtry()
    local c = try(socket.connect("myserver.com", 80))
    try = socket.newtry(function() c:close() end)
    try(c:send("hello?\r\n"))
    local answer = try(c:receive())
    c:close()
end)

local n, error = dostuff()

socket.select()

waits for a number of sockets to change status

The function returns a list with the sockets ready for reading, a list with the sockets ready for writing and an error message. The error message is "timeout" if a timeout condition was met and nil otherwise. The returned tables are doubly keyed both by integers and also by the sockets themselves, to simplify the test if a specific socket has changed status.

Recvt and sendt parameters can be empty tables or nil. Non-socket values (or values with non-numeric indices) in these arrays will be silently ignored.

The returned tables are doubly keyed both by integers and also by the sockets themselves, to simplify the test if a specific socket has changed status.

This function can monitor a limited number of sockets, as defined by the constant socket._SETSIZE. This number may be as high as 1024 or as low as 64 by default, depending on the system. It is usually possible to change this at compile time. Invoking select with a larger number of sockets will raise an error.

A known bug in WinSock causes select to fail on non-blocking TCP sockets. The function may return a socket as writable even though the socket is not ready for sending.

Calling select with a server socket in the receive parameter before a call to accept does not guarantee accept will return immediately. Use the settimeout method or accept might block forever.

If you close a socket and pass it to select, it will be ignored.

(Using select with non-socket objects: Any object that implements getfd and dirty can be used with select, allowing objects from other libraries to be used within a socket.select driven loop.)

PARAMETERS

recvt -

table array with the sockets to test for characters available for reading.

sendt -

table array with sockets that are watched to see if it is OK to immediately write on them.

[timeout] -

number the maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a change in status. Nil, negative or omitted timeout value allows the function to block indefinitely.

RETURN

sockets_r -

table a list with the sockets ready for reading.

sockets_w -

table a list with the sockets ready for writing.

error -

string an error message. "timeout" if a timeout condition was met, otherwise nil.

socket.skip()

drops a number of arguments and returns the remaining

This function drops a number of arguments and returns the remaining. It is useful to avoid creation of dummy variables: D is the number of arguments to drop. Ret1 to retN are the arguments. The function returns retD+1 to retN.

PARAMETERS

d -

number the number of arguments to drop.

[ret1] -

any argument 1.

[ret2] -

any argument 2.

[retN] -

any argument N.

RETURN

[retD+1] -

any argument D+1.

[retD+2] -

any argument D+2.

[retN] -

any argument N.

EXAMPLES

Instead of doing the following with dummy variables:

-- get the status code and separator from SMTP server reply
local dummy1, dummy2, code, sep = string.find(line, "^(%d%d%d)(.?)")

You can skip a number of variables:

-- get the status code and separator from SMTP server reply
local code, sep = socket.skip(2, string.find(line, "^(%d%d%d)(.?)"))

socket.sleep()

sleeps for a number of seconds

Freezes the program execution during a given amount of time.

PARAMETERS

time -

number the number of seconds to sleep for.

socket.tcp()

creates a new IPv4 TCP master object

Creates and returns an IPv4 TCP master object. A master object can be transformed into a server object with the method listen (after a call to bind) or into a client object with the method connect. The only other method supported by a master object is the close method.

RETURN

tcp_master -

master a new IPv4 TCP master object, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.tcp6()

creates a new IPv6 TCP master object

Creates and returns an IPv6 TCP master object. A master object can be transformed into a server object with the method listen (after a call to bind) or into a client object with the method connect. The only other method supported by a master object is the close method.

Note: The TCP object returned will have the option "ipv6-v6only" set to true.

RETURN

tcp_master -

master a new IPv6 TCP master object, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.udp()

creates a new IPv4 UDP object

Creates and returns an unconnected IPv4 UDP object. Unconnected objects support the sendto, receive, receivefrom, getoption, getsockname, setoption, settimeout, setpeername, setsockname, and close methods. The setpeername method is used to connect the object.

RETURN

udp_unconnected -

unconnected a new unconnected IPv4 UDP object, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

socket.udp6()

creates a new IPv6 UDP object

Creates and returns an unconnected IPv6 UDP object. Unconnected objects support the sendto, receive, receivefrom, getoption, getsockname, setoption, settimeout, setpeername, setsockname, and close methods. The setpeername method is used to connect the object.

Note: The UDP object returned will have the option "ipv6-v6only" set to true.

RETURN

udp_unconnected -

unconnected a new unconnected IPv6 UDP object, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:close()

closes the UDP socket

Closes a UDP object. The internal socket used by the object is closed and the local address to which the object was bound is made available to other applications. No further operations (except for further calls to the close method) are allowed on a closed socket.

It is important to close all used sockets once they are not needed, since, in many systems, each socket uses a file descriptor, which are limited system resources. Garbage-collected objects are automatically closed before destruction, though.

unconnected:getoption()

gets options for the UDP socket

Gets an option value from the UDP object. See unconnected:setoption for description of the option names and values.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to get:

RETURN

value -

any the option value, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:getsockname()

gets the local address information associated to the socket

Returns the local address information associated to the object.

UDP sockets are not bound to any address until the setsockname or the sendto method is called for the first time (in which case it is bound to an ephemeral port and the wild-card address).

RETURN

info -

string a string with local IP address, a number with the local port, and the family ("inet" or "inet6"). In case of error, the method returns nil.

unconnected:receive()

receives a datagram from the UDP socket

Receives a datagram from the UDP object. If the UDP object is connected, only datagrams coming from the peer are accepted. Otherwise, the returned datagram can come from any host.

PARAMETERS

[size] -

number optional maximum size of the datagram to be retrieved. If there are more than size bytes available in the datagram, the excess bytes are discarded. If there are less then size bytes available in the current datagram, the available bytes are returned. If size is omitted, the maximum datagram size is used (which is currently limited by the implementation to 8192 bytes).

RETURN

datagram -

string the received datagram, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:receivefrom()

receives a datagram from the UDP socket

Works exactly as the receive method, except it returns the IP address and port as extra return values (and is therefore slightly less efficient).

PARAMETERS

[size] -

number optional maximum size of the datagram to be retrieved.

RETURN

datagram -

string the received datagram, or nil in case of error.

ip_or_error -

string the IP address, or the error message in case of error.

port -

number the port number, or nil in case of error.

unconnected:sendto()

sends a datagram through the UDP socket to the specified IP address and port number

Sends a datagram to the specified IP address and port number.

In UDP, the send method never blocks and the only way it can fail is if the underlying transport layer refuses to send a message to the specified address (i.e. no interface accepts the address).

PARAMETERS

datagram -

string a string with the datagram contents. The maximum datagram size for UDP is 64K minus IP layer overhead. However datagrams larger than the link layer packet size will be fragmented, which may deteriorate performance and/or reliability.

ip -

string the IP address of the recipient. Host names are not allowed for performance reasons.

port -

number the port number at the recipient.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 on success, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:setoption()

sets options for the UDP socket

Sets options for the UDP object. Options are only needed by low-level or time-critical applications. You should only modify an option if you are sure you need it.

PARAMETERS

option -

string the name of the option to set. The value is provided in the value parameter:

"dontroute"
Indicates that outgoing messages should bypass the standard routing facilities. Receives a boolean value;
"broadcast"
Requests permission to send broadcast datagrams on the socket. Receives a boolean value;
"reuseaddr"
Indicates that the rules used in validating addresses supplied in a bind call should allow reuse of local addresses. Receives a boolean value;
"reuseport"
Allows completely duplicate bindings by multiple processes if they all set "reuseport" before binding the port. Receives a boolean value;
"ip-multicast-loop"
Specifies whether or not a copy of an outgoing multicast datagram is delivered to the sending host as long as it is a member of the multicast group. Receives a boolean value;
"ipv6-v6only"
Specifies whether to restrict inet6 sockets to sending and receiving only IPv6 packets. Receive a boolean value;
"ip-multicast-if"
Sets the interface over which outgoing multicast datagrams are sent. Receives an IP address;
"ip-multicast-ttl"
Sets the Time To Live in the IP header for outgoing multicast datagrams. Receives a number;

"ip-add-membership": Joins the multicast group specified. Receives a table with fields:

"'ip-drop-membership"`
Leaves the multicast group specified. Receives a table with fields:

[value] -

any the value to set for the specified option.

RETURN

status -

number the value 1, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:setpeername()

set the peer of the unconnected UDP socket

Changes the peer of a UDP object. This method turns an unconnected UDP object into a connected UDP object or vice versa.

For connected objects, outgoing datagrams will be sent to the specified peer, and datagrams received from other peers will be discarded by the OS. Connected UDP objects must use the send and receive methods instead of sendto and receivefrom.

Since the address of the peer does not have to be passed to and from the OS, the use of connected UDP objects is recommended when the same peer is used for several transmissions and can result in up to 30% performance gains.

PARAMETERS

address -

string an IP address or a host name.

port -

number the port number.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 on success, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:setsockname()

binds the UDP socket to a local address

Binds the UDP object to a local address.

This method can only be called before any datagram is sent through the UDP object, and only once. Otherwise, the system automatically binds the object to all local interfaces and chooses an ephemeral port as soon as the first datagram is sent. After the local address is set, either automatically by the system or explicitly by setsockname, it cannot be changed.

PARAMETERS

address -

string an IP address or a host name. If address is "*" the system binds to all local interfaces using the constant INADDR_ANY.

port -

number the port number. If port is 0, the system chooses an ephemeral port.

RETURN

success -

number the value 1 on success, or nil in case of error.

error -

string the error message, or nil if no error occurred.

unconnected:settimeout()

sets the timeout value for the UDP socket

Changes the timeout values for the object. By default, the receive and receivefrom operations are blocking. That is, any call to the methods will block indefinitely, until data arrives. The settimeout function defines a limit on the amount of time the functions can block. When a timeout is set and the specified amount of time has elapsed, the affected methods give up and fail with an error code.

In UDP, the send and sendto methods never block (the datagram is just passed to the OS and the call returns immediately). Therefore, the settimeout method has no effect on them.

PARAMETERS

value -

number the amount of time to wait, in seconds. The nil timeout value allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.