The boosting query can be used to effectively demote results that match a given query. Unlike the "NOT" clause in bool query, this still selects documents that contain undesirable terms, but reduces their overall score.

It accepts a positive query and a negative query. Only documents that match the positive query will be included in the results list, but documents that also match the negative query will be downgraded by multiplying the original _score of the document with the negative_boost.

GET /_search
{
    "query": {
        "boosting" : {
            "positive" : {
                "term" : {
                    "field1" : "value1"
                }
            },
            "negative" : {
                 "term" : {
                     "field2" : "value2"
                }
            },
            "negative_boost" : 0.2
        }
    }
}