10.2.1 Self-Evaluating Forms

A self-evaluating form is any form that is not a list or symbol. Self-evaluating forms evaluate to themselves: the result of evaluation is the same object that was evaluated. Thus, the number 25 evaluates to 25, and the string "foo" evaluates to the string "foo". Likewise, evaluating a vector does not cause evaluation of the elements of the vector—it returns the same vector with its contents unchanged.

     '123               ; A number, shown without evaluation.
          ⇒ 123
     123                ; Evaluated as usual---result is the same.
          ⇒ 123
     (eval '123)        ; Evaluated "by hand"---result is the same.
          ⇒ 123
     (eval (eval '123)) ; Evaluating twice changes nothing.
          ⇒ 123

It is common to write numbers, characters, strings, and even vectors in Lisp code, taking advantage of the fact that they self-evaluate. However, it is quite unusual to do this for types that lack a read syntax, because there's no way to write them textually. It is possible to construct Lisp expressions containing these types by means of a Lisp program. Here is an example:

     ;; Build an expression containing a buffer object.
     (setq print-exp (list 'print (current-buffer)))
          ⇒ (print #<buffer eval.texi>)
     ;; Evaluate it.
     (eval print-exp)
          -| #<buffer eval.texi>
          ⇒ #<buffer eval.texi>