numpy.loadtxt¶

numpy.loadtxt(fname, dtype=<type 'float'>, comments='#', delimiter=None, converters=None, skiprows=0, usecols=None, unpack=False, ndmin=0)[source]¶

Load data from a text file.

Each row in the text file must have the same number of values.

Parameters:

Parameters:	fname : file or str File, filename, or generator to read. If the filename extension is `.gz` or `.bz2`, the file is first decompressed. Note that generators should return byte strings for Python 3k. dtype : data-type, optional Data-type of the resulting array; default: float. If this is a structured data-type, the resulting array will be 1-dimensional, and each row will be interpreted as an element of the array. In this case, the number of columns used must match the number of fields in the data-type. comments : str or sequence, optional The characters or list of characters used to indicate the start of a comment; default: ‘#’. delimiter : str, optional The string used to separate values. By default, this is any whitespace. converters : dict, optional A dictionary mapping column number to a function that will convert that column to a float. E.g., if column 0 is a date string: `converters = {0: datestr2num}`. Converters can also be used to provide a default value for missing data (but see also `genfromtxt`): `converters = {3: lambda s: float(s.strip() or 0)}`. Default: None. skiprows : int, optional Skip the first skiprows lines; default: 0. usecols : sequence, optional Which columns to read, with 0 being the first. For example, `usecols = (1,4,5)` will extract the 2nd, 5th and 6th columns. The default, None, results in all columns being read. unpack : bool, optional If True, the returned array is transposed, so that arguments may be unpacked using `x, y, z = loadtxt(...)`. When used with a structured data-type, arrays are returned for each field. Default is False. ndmin : int, optional The returned array will have at least ndmin dimensions. Otherwise mono-dimensional axes will be squeezed. Legal values: 0 (default), 1 or 2. New in version 1.6.0.
Returns:	out : ndarray Data read from the text file.

fname : file or str

File, filename, or generator to read. If the filename extension is .gz or .bz2, the file is first decompressed. Note that generators should return byte strings for Python 3k.

dtype : data-type, optional

Data-type of the resulting array; default: float. If this is a structured data-type, the resulting array will be 1-dimensional, and each row will be interpreted as an element of the array. In this case, the number of columns used must match the number of fields in the data-type.

comments : str or sequence, optional

The characters or list of characters used to indicate the start of a comment; default: ‘#’.

delimiter : str, optional

The string used to separate values. By default, this is any whitespace.

converters : dict, optional

A dictionary mapping column number to a function that will convert that column to a float. E.g., if column 0 is a date string: converters = {0: datestr2num}. Converters can also be used to provide a default value for missing data (but see also genfromtxt): converters = {3: lambda s: float(s.strip() or 0)}. Default: None.

skiprows : int, optional

Skip the first skiprows lines; default: 0.

usecols : sequence, optional

Which columns to read, with 0 being the first. For example, usecols = (1,4,5) will extract the 2nd, 5th and 6th columns. The default, None, results in all columns being read.

unpack : bool, optional

If True, the returned array is transposed, so that arguments may be unpacked using x, y, z = loadtxt(...). When used with a structured data-type, arrays are returned for each field. Default is False.

ndmin : int, optional

The returned array will have at least ndmin dimensions. Otherwise mono-dimensional axes will be squeezed. Legal values: 0 (default), 1 or 2.

New in version 1.6.0.

Returns:

out : ndarray

Data read from the text file.

See also

load, fromstring, fromregex

genfromtxt: Load data with missing values handled as specified.
scipy.io.loadmat: reads MATLAB data files

Notes

This function aims to be a fast reader for simply formatted files. The genfromtxt function provides more sophisticated handling of, e.g., lines with missing values.

New in version 1.10.0.

The strings produced by the Python float.hex method can be used as input for floats.

Examples

>>> from io import StringIO   # StringIO behaves like a file object
>>> c = StringIO("0 1\n2 3")
>>> np.loadtxt(c)
array([[ 0.,  1.],
       [ 2.,  3.]])

>>> d = StringIO("M 21 72\nF 35 58")
>>> np.loadtxt(d, dtype={'names': ('gender', 'age', 'weight'),
...                      'formats': ('S1', 'i4', 'f4')})
array([('M', 21, 72.0), ('F', 35, 58.0)],
      dtype=[('gender', '|S1'), ('age', '<i4'), ('weight', '<f4')])

>>> c = StringIO("1,0,2\n3,0,4")
>>> x, y = np.loadtxt(c, delimiter=',', usecols=(0, 2), unpack=True)
>>> x
array([ 1.,  3.])
>>> y
array([ 2.,  4.])