PHP 7.0.6 Released

str_word_count

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)

str_word_count Return information about words used in a string

Description

mixed str_word_count ( string $string [, int $format = 0 [, string $charlist ]] )

Counts the number of words inside string. If the optional format is not specified, then the return value will be an integer representing the number of words found. In the event the format is specified, the return value will be an array, content of which is dependent on the format. The possible value for the format and the resultant outputs are listed below.

For the purpose of this function, 'word' is defined as a locale dependent string containing alphabetic characters, which also may contain, but not start with "'" and "-" characters.

Parameters

string

The string

format

Specify the return value of this function. The current supported values are:

  • 0 - returns the number of words found
  • 1 - returns an array containing all the words found inside the string
  • 2 - returns an associative array, where the key is the numeric position of the word inside the string and the value is the actual word itself

charlist

A list of additional characters which will be considered as 'word'

Return Values

Returns an array or an integer, depending on the format chosen.

Changelog

Version Description
5.1.0 Added the charlist parameter

Examples

Example #1 A str_word_count() example

<?php

$str 
"Hello fri3nd, you're
       looking          good today!"
;

print_r(str_word_count($str1));
print_r(str_word_count($str2));
print_r(str_word_count($str1'àáãç3'));

echo 
str_word_count($str);

?>

The above example will output:

Array
(
    [0] => Hello
    [1] => fri
    [2] => nd
    [3] => you're
    [4] => looking
    [5] => good
    [6] => today
)

Array
(
    [0] => Hello
    [6] => fri
    [10] => nd
    [14] => you're
    [29] => looking
    [46] => good
    [51] => today
)

Array
(
    [0] => Hello
    [1] => fri3nd
    [2] => you're
    [3] => looking
    [4] => good
    [5] => today
)

7

See Also

User Contributed Notes

cito at wikatu dot com
4 years ago
<?php

/***
* This simple utf-8 word count function (it only counts)
* is a bit faster then the one with preg_match_all
* about 10x slower then the built-in str_word_count
*
* If you need the hyphen or other code points as word-characters
* just put them into the [brackets] like [^\p{L}\p{N}\'\-]
* If the pattern contains utf-8, utf8_encode() the pattern,
* as it is expected to be valid utf-8 (using the u modifier).
**/

// Jonny 5's simple word splitter
function str_word_count_utf8($str) {
  return
count(preg_split('~[^\p{L}\p{N}\']+~u',$str));
}
?>
splogamurugan at gmail dot com
7 years ago
We can also specify a range of values for charlist.

<?php
$str
= "Hello fri3nd, you're
       looking          good today!
       look1234ing"
;
print_r(str_word_count($str, 1, '0..3'));
?>

will give the result as

Array ( [0] => Hello [1] => fri3nd [2] => you're [3] => looking [4] => good [5] => today [6] => look123 [7] => ing )
brettz9 - see yahoo
6 years ago
Words also cannot end in a hyphen unless allowed by the charlist...
josh at joshblake.net
9 years ago
I was interested in a function which returned the first few words out of a larger string.

In reality, I wanted a preview of the first hundred words of a blog entry which was well over that.

I found all of the other functions which explode and implode strings to arrays lost key markups such as line breaks etc.

So, this is what I came up with:

<?php
function WordTruncate($input, $numWords) {
if(
str_word_count($input,0)>$numWords)
{
   
$WordKey = str_word_count($input,1);
   
$WordIndex = array_flip(str_word_count($input,2));
    return
substr($input,0,$WordIndex[$WordKey[$numWords]]);
}
else {return
$input;}
}
?>

While I haven't counted per se, it's accurate enough for my needs. It will also return the entire string if it's less than the specified number of words.

The idea behind it? Use str_word_count to identify the nth word, then use str_word_count to identify the position of that word within the string, then use substr to extract up to that position.

Josh.
MadCoder
10 years ago
Here's a function that will trim a $string down to a certian number of words, and add a...   on the end of it.
(explansion of muz1's 1st 100 words code)

----------------------------------------------
<?php
function trim_text($text, $count){
$text = str_replace("  ", " ", $text);
$string = explode(" ", $text);
for (
$wordCounter = 0; $wordCounter <= $count;wordCounter++ ){
$trimed .= $string[$wordCounter];
if (
$wordCounter < $count ){ $trimed .= " "; }
else {
$trimed .= "..."; }
}
$trimed = trim($trimed);
return
$trimed;
}
?>

Usage
------------------------------------------------
<?php
$string
= "one two three four";
echo
trim_text($string, 3);
?>

returns:
one two three...
aix at lux dot ee
11 years ago
One function.
<?php
if (!function_exists('word_count')) {
function
word_count($str,$n = "0"){
   
$m=strlen($str)/2;
   
$a=1;
    while (
$a<$m) {
       
$str=str_replace("  "," ",$str);
       
$a++;
        }
   
$b = explode(" ", $str);
   
$i = 0;
    foreach (
$b as $v) {
       
$i++;
        }
    if (
$n==1) return $b;
    else  return
$i;

    }
}
$str="Tere Tartu linn";
$c  = word_count($str,1); // it return an array
$d  = word_count($str); // it return int - how many words was in text
print_r($c);
echo
$d;
?>
uri at speedy dot net
3 years ago
Here is a count words function which supports UTF-8 and Hebrew. I tried other functions but they don't work. Notice that in Hebrew, '"' and '\'' can be used in words, so they are not separators. This function is not perfect, I would prefer a function we are using in JavaScript which considers all characters except [a-zA-Zא-ת0-9_\'\"] as separators, but I don't know how to do it in PHP.

I removed some of the separators which don't work well with Hebrew ("\x20", "\xA0", "\x0A", "\x0D", "\x09", "\x0B", "\x2E"). I also removed the underline.

This is a fix to my previous post on this page - I found out that my function returned an incorrect result for an empty string. I corrected it and I'm also attaching another function - my_strlen.

<?php

function count_words($string) {
   
// Return the number of words in a string.
   
$string= str_replace("&#039;", "'", $string);
   
$t= array(' ', "\t", '=', '+', '-', '*', '/', '\\', ',', '.', ';', ':', '[', ']', '{', '}', '(', ')', '<', '>', '&', '%', '$', '@', '#', '^', '!', '?', '~'); // separators
   
$string= str_replace($t, " ", $string);
   
$string= trim(preg_replace("/\s+/", " ", $string));
   
$num= 0;
    if (
my_strlen($string)>0) {
       
$word_array= explode(" ", $string);
       
$num= count($word_array);
    }
    return
$num;
}

function
my_strlen($s) {
   
// Return mb_strlen with encoding UTF-8.
   
return mb_strlen($s, "UTF-8");
}

?>
broncha at rajesharma dot com
10 months ago
Turns out the charlist is set by default for the web. For example, the string

Copyright &copy; ABC Ltd.

is 3 words in the cli and 4 words if executing in web context.
matthewkastor at live dot com
5 years ago
This needs improvement, but works well as is.

<?php
/**
* Generates an alphabetical index of unique words, and a count of their occurrences, in a file.
*
* This works on html pages or plain text files.
* This function uses file_get_contents, so it
* is possible to use a url instead of a local filename.
*
* Change the search pattern at
* <code> $junk = preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z]/', $word); </code>
* if you want to keep words with numbers or other characters. The pattern
* I've set searches for anything that is not an upper or lowercase letter,
* you may want something else.
*
* The array returned will look something like this:
* <code>
* Array
* (
*     [0] => Array
*        (
*            [word] => a
*            [count] => 21
*        )
*
*     [1] => Array
*        (
*            [word] => ability
*            [count] => 1
*        )
* )
* </code>
*
* @param string $file The file ( or url ) you want to create an index from.
* @return array
*/
function index_page($file) {
   
$index = array();
   
$find = array(
       
'/\r/',
       
'/\n/',
       
'/\s\s+/'
   
);
   
$replace = array(
       
' ',
       
' ',
       
' '
   
);
   
$work = file_get_contents($file);
   
$work = preg_replace('/[>][<]/', '> <', $work);
   
$work = strip_tags($work);
   
$work = strtolower($work);
   
$work = preg_replace($find, $replace, $work);
   
$work = trim($work);
   
$work = explode(' ', $work);
   
natcasesort($work);
   
$i = 0;
    foreach(
$work as $word) {
       
$word = trim($word);
       
$junk = preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z]/', $word);
        if(
$junk == 1) {
           
$word = '';
        }
        if( (!empty(
$word)) && ($word != '') ) {
            if(!isset(
$index[$i]['word'])) { // if not set this is a new index
               
$index[$i]['word'] = $word;
               
$index[$i]['count'] = 1;
            } elseif(
$index[$i]['word'] == $word ) {  // count repeats
               
$index[$i]['count'] += 1;
            } else {
// else this is a different word, increment $i and create an entry
               
$i++;
               
$index[$i]['word'] = $word;
               
$index[$i]['count'] = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    unset(
$work);
    return(
$index);
}
?>

example usage:

<?php
$file
= 'http://www.php.net/';
// or use a local file, see file_get_contents() for valid filenames and restrictions.

$index = index_page($file);
echo
'<pre>'.print_r($index,true).'</pre>';
?>
charliefrancis at gmail dot com
6 years ago
Hi this is the first time I have posted on the php manual, I hope some of you will like this little function I wrote.

It returns a string with a certain character limit, but still retaining whole words.
It breaks out of the foreach loop once it has found a string short enough to display, and the character list can be edited.

<?php
function word_limiter( $text, $limit = 30, $chars = '0123456789' ) {
    if(
strlen( $text ) > $limit ) {
       
$words = str_word_count( $text, 2, $chars );
       
$words = array_reverse( $words, TRUE );
        foreach(
$words as $length => $word ) {
            if(
$length + strlen( $word ) >= $limit ) {
               
array_shift( $words );
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
       
$words = array_reverse( $words );
       
$text = implode( " ", $words ) . '&hellip;';
    }
    return
$text;
}

$str = "Hello this is a list of words that is too long";
echo
'1: ' . word_limiter( $str );
$str = "Hello this is a list of words";
echo
'2: ' . word_limiter( $str );
?>

1: Hello this is a list of words&hellip;
2: Hello this is a list of words
eanimator at yahoo dot com
7 years ago
My quick and rough wordLimiter function.

<?php
function WordLimiter($text,$limit=20){
   
$explode = explode(' ',$text);
   
$string  = '';
       
   
$dots = '...';
    if(
count($explode) <= $limit){
       
$dots = '';
    }
    for(
$i=0;$i<$limit;$i++){
       
$string .= $explode[$i]." ";
    }
       
    return
$string.$dots;
}
?>
Adeel Khan
8 years ago
<?php

/**
* Returns the number of words in a string.
* As far as I have tested, it is very accurate.
* The string can have HTML in it,
* but you should do something like this first:
*
*    $search = array(
*      '@<script[^>]*?>.*?</script>@si',
*      '@<style[^>]*?>.*?</style>@siU',
*      '@<![\s\S]*?--[ \t\n\r]*>@'
*    );
*    $html = preg_replace($search, '', $html);
*
*/

function word_count($html) {

 
# strip all html tags
 
$wc = strip_tags($html);

 
# remove 'words' that don't consist of alphanumerical characters or punctuation
 
$pattern = "#[^(\w|\d|\'|\"|\.|\!|\?|;|,|\\|\/|\-|:|\&|@)]+#";
 
$wc = trim(preg_replace($pattern, " ", $wc));

 
# remove one-letter 'words' that consist only of punctuation
 
$wc = trim(preg_replace("#\s*[(\'|\"|\.|\!|\?|;|,|\\|\/|\-|:|\&|@)]\s*#", " ", $wc));

 
# remove superfluous whitespace
 
$wc = preg_replace("/\s\s+/", " ", $wc);

 
# split string into an array of words
 
$wc = explode(" ", $wc);

 
# remove empty elements
 
$wc = array_filter($wc);

 
# return the number of words
 
return count($wc);

}

?>
joshua dot blake at gmail dot com
9 years ago
I needed a function which would extract the first hundred words out of a given input while retaining all markup such as line breaks, double spaces and the like. Most of the regexp based functions posted above were accurate in that they counted out a hundred words, but recombined the paragraph by imploding an array down to a string. This did away with any such hopes of line breaks, and thus I devised a crude but very accurate function which does all that I ask it to:

<?php
function Truncate($input, $numWords)
{
  if(
str_word_count($input,0)>$numWords)
  {
   
$WordKey = str_word_count($input,1);
   
$PosKey = str_word_count($input,2);
   
reset($PosKey);
    foreach(
$WordKey as $key => &$value)
    {
       
$value=key($PosKey);
       
next($PosKey);
    }
    return
substr($input,0,$WordKey[$numWords]);
  }
  else {return
$input;}
}
?>

The idea behind it? Go through the keys of the arrays returned by str_word_count and associate the number of each word with its character position in the phrase. Then use substr to return everything up until the nth character. I have tested this function on rather large entries and it seems to be efficient enough that it does not bog down at all.

Cheers!

Josh
lwright at psu dot edu
9 years ago
If you are looking to count the frequency of words, try:

<?php

$wordfrequency
= array_count_values( str_word_count( $string, 1) );

?>
Anonymous
11 years ago
This function seems to view numbers as whitespace. I.e. a word consisting of numbers only won't be counted.
aidan at php dot net
11 years ago
This functionality is now implemented in the PEAR package PHP_Compat.

More information about using this function without upgrading your version of PHP can be found on the below link:

http://pear.php.net/package/PHP_Compat
Artimis
12 years ago
Never use this function to count/separate alphanumeric words, it will just split them up words to words, numbers to numbers.  You could refer to another function "preg_split" when splitting alphanumeric words.  It works with Chinese characters as well.
philip at cornado dot com
13 years ago
Some ask not just split on ' ', well, it's because simply exploding on a ' ' isn't fully accurate.  Words can be separated by tabs, newlines, double spaces, etc.  This is why people tend to seperate on all whitespace with regular expressions.
rcATinterfacesDOTfr
13 years ago
Here is another way to count words :
$word_count = count(preg_split('/\W+/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));
brettNOSPAM at olwm dot NO_SPAM dot com
13 years ago
This example may not be pretty, but It proves accurate:

<?php
//count words
$words_to_count = strip_tags($body);
$pattern = "/[^(\w|\d|\'|\"|\.|\!|\?|;|,|\\|\/|\-\-|:|\&|@)]+/";
$words_to_count = preg_replace ($pattern, " ", $words_to_count);
$words_to_count = trim($words_to_count);
$total_words = count(explode(" ",$words_to_count));
?>

Hope I didn't miss any punctuation. ;-)
Samer Ata
4 years ago
This is my own version of to get SEO meta description from wordpress post content. it is also generic usage function to get the first n words from a string.

<?php
function my_meta_description($text,$n=10)
{
$text=strip_tags($text);  // not neccssary for none HTML
// $text=strip_shortcodes($text); // uncomment only inside wordpress system
$text = trim(preg_replace("/\s+/"," ",$text));
$word_array = explode(" ", $text);
if (
count($word_array) <= $n)
return
implode(" ",$word_array);
else
{
$text='';
foreach (
$word_array as $length=>$word)
{
   
$text.=$word ;
    if(
$length==$n) break;
    else
$text.=" ";
}
}
return
$text;
?>
Stano110 at azet dot sk
4 years ago
This function count words, is quick and works well with utf-8: (this is corrected version from my previous post)

<?php
function count_words($string)
{
   
$string = htmlspecialchars_decode(strip_tags($string));
    if (
strlen($string)==0)
        return
0;
   
$t = array(' '=>1, '_'=>1, "\x20"=>1, "\xA0"=>1, "\x0A"=>1, "\x0D"=>1, "\x09"=>1, "\x0B"=>1, "\x2E"=>1, "\t"=>1, '='=>1, '+'=>1, '-'=>1, '*'=>1, '/'=>1, '\\'=>1, ','=>1, '.'=>1, ';'=>1, ':'=>1, '"'=>1, '\''=>1, '['=>1, ']'=>1, '{'=>1, '}'=>1, '('=>1, ')'=>1, '<'=>1, '>'=>1, '&'=>1, '%'=>1, '$'=>1, '@'=>1, '#'=>1, '^'=>1, '!'=>1, '?'=>1); // separators
   
$count= isset($t[$string[0]])? 0:1;
    if (
strlen($string)==1)
        return
$count;
    for (
$i=1;$i<strlen($string);$i++)
        if (isset(
$t[$string[$i-1]]) && !isset($t[$string[$i]])) // if new word starts
           
$count++;
    return
$count;
}
?>
lballard dot cat at gmail dot com
5 years ago
word limiter:

<?php
$str
= "my hella long string" ;
$length = 3;
$shortened =
implode(' ',array_slice(str_word_count($str,1),0,$length));
?>
manrash at gmail dot com
7 years ago
For spanish speakers a valid character map may be:

<?php
$characterMap
= 'áéíóúüñ';

$count = str_word_count($text, 0, $characterMap);
?>
andrea at 3site dot it
12 years ago
if string doesn't contain the space " ", the explode method doesn't do anything, so i've wrote this and it seems works better ... i don't know about time and resource

<?php
function str_incounter($match,$string) {
$count_match = 0;
for(
$i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++) {
if(
strtolower(substr($string,$i,strlen($match)))==strtolower($match)) {
$count_match++;
}
}
return
$count_match;
}
?>

example

<?php
$string
= "something:something!!something";
$count_some = str_incounter("something",$string);
// will return 3
?>
om+www dot php dot net at miakinen dot net
7 years ago
Here is a code for a function str_word_count() compatible with UTF-8. I'm sorry that the comments are in French because I am not very good in English: anyway, these comments only try to explain things that are in PCRE or Unicode documentations.

<?php
   
/*
     * Explications du masque pour preg_match_all.
     *
     * La fonction str_word_count standard considère qu'un mot est
     * une séquence de caractères qui contient tous les caractères
     * alphabétiques, et qui peut contenir, mais pas commencer
     * par "'" et "-".
     *
     * Avec Unicode et UTF-8, une lettre peut être un caractères
     * ASCII non accentué tel que "e" ou "E", mais aussi un "é" ou
     * un "É", lequel peut se représenter sous la forme de deux
     * caractères : d'abord le "E" non accentué, puis l'accent tout
     * seul. Une lettre "E" ou "É" fait partie de la classe « L »,
     * un accent de la classe « Mn ».
     *
     * Par ailleurs, "-" n'est plus le seul trait d'union possible.
     * Plutôt que de les lister individuellement, j'ai choisi de
     * tester les caractères de la classe « Pd ». Un inconvénient
     * est que cela inclut aussi le tiret cadratin et d'autres,
     * mais cet inconvénient existait déjà avec str_word_count et
     * le tiret ascii, et en outre il ne concerne pas le français
     * (contrairement à l'anglais, il y a toujours des espaces
     * autour de ces tirets).
     *
     * Enfin, "'" n'est pas non plus la seule apostrophe possible.
     * Mais contrairement aux tirets je teste juste l'apostrophe
     * typographique U+2019 à part au lieu de tester la classe « Pf »
     * car cette dernière contient trop de signes de ponctuation
     * à exclure de la définition d'un mot.
     *
     * Un mot commence donc par une lettre \\p{L}, éventuellement
     * accentuée (suivie par un nombre quelconque de \\p{Mn}), et
     * ensuite on peut rencontrer un nombre quelconques d'autres
     * lettres (\\p{L} et \\p{Mn}), de tirets (\\p{Pd}) ou d'apostrophes
     * (' et \\x{2019}). Tout ceci, bien sûr, dans un masque compatible
     * avec UTF-8 (/u à la fin).
     *
     * Pour les références, voir :
     * http://fr2.php.net/manual/fr/regexp.reference.php #regexp.reference.unicode
     * http://fr2.php.net/manual/fr/reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.php
     */
   
define("WORD_COUNT_MASK", "/\\p{L}[\\p{L}\\p{Mn}\\p{Pd}'\\x{2019}]*/u");

    function
str_word_count_utf8($str)
    {
        return
preg_match_all(WORD_COUNT_MASK, $str, $matches);
    }
?>
Kirils Solovjovs
12 years ago
Nothing of this worked for me. I think countwords() is very encoding dependent. This is the code for win1257. For other layots you just need to redefine the ranges of letters...

<?php
function countwords($text){
       
$ls=0;//was it a whitespace?
       
$cc33=0;//counter
       
for($i=0;$i<strlen($text);$i++){
               
$spstat=false; //is it a number or a letter?
               
$ot=ord($text[$i]);
                if( ((
$ot>=48) && ($ot<=57)) ||  (($ot>=97) && ($ot<=122)) || (($ot>=65) && ($ot<=90)) || ($ot==170) ||
                ((
$ot>=192) && ($ot<=214)) || (($ot>=216) && ($ot<=246)) || (($ot>=248) && ($ot<=254))  )$spstat=true;
                if((
$ls==0)&&($spstat)){
                       
$ls=1;
                       
$cc33++;
                }
                if(!
$spstat)$ls=0;
        }
        return
$cc33;
}

?>
aspu.ru
7 years ago
str_word_count: mixed (string string, [int format], [string charlist])

It can help you to solve problem with digest and some locales. Best regards.
dmVuY2lAc3RyYWhvdG5pLmNvbQ== (base64)
5 years ago
to count words after converting a msword document to plain text with antiword, you can use this function:

<?php
function count_words($text) {
   
$text = str_replace(str_split('|'), '', $text); // remove these chars (you can specify more)
   
$text = trim(preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $text)); // remove extra spaces
   
$text = preg_replace('/-{2,}/', '', $text); // remove 2 or more dashes in a row
   
$len = strlen($text);
   
    if (
0 === $len) {
        return
0;
    }
   
   
$words = 1;
   
    while (
$len--) {
        if (
' ' === $text[$len]) {
            ++
$words;
        }
    }
   
    return
$words;
}
?>

it strips the pipe "|" chars, which antiword uses to format tables in its plain text output, removes more than one dashes in a row (also used in tables), then counts the words.

counting words using explode() and then count() is not a good idea for huge texts, because it uses much memory to store the text once more as an array. this is why i'm using while() { .. } to walk the string
Anonymous
9 years ago
Here is a php work counting function together with a javascript version which will print the same result.

<?php
     
//Php word counting function
     
function word_count($theString)
      {
       
$char_count = strlen($theString);
       
$fullStr = $theString." ";
       
$initial_whitespace_rExp = "^[[:alnum:]]$";
       
       
$left_trimmedStr = ereg_replace($initial_whitespace_rExp,"",$fullStr);
       
$non_alphanumerics_rExp = "^[[:alnum:]]$";
       
$cleanedStr = ereg_replace($non_alphanumerics_rExp," ",$left_trimmedStr);
       
$splitString = explode(" ",$cleanedStr);
       
       
$word_count = count($splitString)-1;
       
        if(
strlen($fullStr)<2)
        {
         
$word_count=0;
        }     
        return
$word_count;
      }
?>

<?php
     
//Function to count words in a phrase
     
function wordCount(theString)
      {
        var
char_count = theString.length;
        var
fullStr = theString + " ";
        var
initial_whitespace_rExp = /^[^A-Za-z0-9]+/gi;
        var
left_trimmedStr = fullStr.replace(initial_whitespace_rExp, "");
        var
non_alphanumerics_rExp = rExp = /[^A-Za-z0-9]+/gi;
        var
cleanedStr = left_trimmedStr.replace(non_alphanumerics_rExp, " ");
        var
splitString = cleanedStr.split(" ");
       
        var
word_count = splitString.length -1;
       
        if (
fullStr.length <2)
        {
         
word_count = 0;
        }     
        return
word_count;
      }
?>
Aurelien Marchand
9 years ago
I found a more reliable way to print, say the first 100 words and then print elipses. My code goes this way;

<?php
$threshold_length
= 80; // 80 words max
$phrase = "...."; // populate this with the text you want to display
$abody = str_word_count($phrase,2);
if(
count($abody) >= $threshold_length){ // gotta cut
 
$tbody = array_keys($abody);
  echo
"<p>" . substr($phrase,0,$tbody[$threshold_length]) . "... <span class=\\"more\\"><a href=\\"?\\">read more</a></span> </p>\\n";
} else {
// put the whole thing
 
echo "<p>" . $phrase . "</p>\\n";
}
?>

For any questions, com.iname@artaxerxes2
jazz090
7 years ago
Personally, I dont like using this function becuase the characters it omits are sometime nessesery for instance MS Word counts ">" or "<" alone as single word where this function doesnt. I like using this however, it counts EVERYTHING:

<?php
function num_words($string){
   
preg_match_all("/\S+/", $string, $matches);
    return
count($matches[0]);
}
?>
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