(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
strtoupper — Make a string uppercase
$string
)
Returns string with all alphabetic characters
converted to uppercase.
Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. For instance, in the default "C" locale characters such as umlaut-a (ä) will not be converted.
stringThe input string.
Returns the uppercased string.
Example #1 strtoupper() example
<?php
$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str = strtoupper($str);
echo $str; // Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
?>
Note: This function is binary-safe.
One might think that setting the correct locale would do the trick with for example german umlauts, but this is not the case. You have to use mb_strtoupper() instead:
<?php
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'de_DE.UTF8');
echo strtoupper('Umlaute äöü in uppercase'); // outputs "UMLAUTE äöü IN UPPERCASE"
echo mb_strtoupper('Umlaute äöü in uppercase', 'UTF-8'); // outputs "UMLAUTE ÄÖÜ IN UPPERCASE"
?>
When using UTF-8 and need to convert to uppercase with
special characters like the german ä,ö,ü (didn't test for french,polish,russian but think it should work, too) try this:
function strtoupper_utf8($string){
$string=utf8_decode($string);
$string=strtoupper($string);
$string=utf8_encode($string);
return $string;
}
If you only need to extend the conversion by the characters of a certain language, it's possible to control this using an environment variable to change the locale:
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_DE");
Russian
function str_to_upper($str){
return strtr($str,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5".
"\xb8\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea".
"\xeb\xeC\xeD\xeE\xeF\xf0".
"\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6".
"\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfA\xfB\xfC".
"\xfD\xfE\xfF",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5".
"\xA8\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA".
"\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0".
"\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6".
"\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC".
"\xDD\xDE\xDF");
}
// 2005/5/30 Justin
// Chinese_Traditional toupper
function CT_to_upper($string)
{
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string))
{
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
else
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
else
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$isChineseStart = true;
else
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
$i++;
}
return $new_string;
}
//
something I myself first not thought about:
if there are any html entities (named entities) in your string, strtoupper will turn all letters within this entities to upper case, too. So if you want to manipulate a string with strtoupper it should contain only unicode entities (if ever).
perfect solutions for turkish utf-8 (including i I conversations):
<?php
function strtolowertr($metin){
return mb_convert_case(str_replace('I','ı',$metin), MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
}
function strtouppertr($metin){
return mb_convert_case(str_replace('i','İ',$metin), MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
}
function ucwordstr($metin) {
return ltrim(mb_convert_case(str_replace(array(' I',' ı', ' İ', ' i'),array(' I',' I',' İ',' İ'),' '.$metin), MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8"));
}
function ucfirsttr($metin) {
$metin = in_array(crc32($metin[0]),array(1309403428, -797999993, 957143474)) ? array(strtouppertr(substr($metin,0,2)),substr($metin,2)) : array(strtouppertr($metin[0]),substr($metin,1));
return $metin[0].$metin[1];
}
?>
NOTE: To uppercase a unicode string you simply could use mb_strtoupper($str, 'UTF-8') instead of all that bloated PHP functions ;=)
chinese
function to_upper($string) {
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string)) {
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
$new_string .= strtoupper(substr($string,$i,1));
$i++;
} else {
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,2);
$i=$i+2;
}
}
return $new_string;
}
It has been mentioned in a previous comment that all you need to do to let PHP's strtoupper() do the conversion - instead of writing more or less complicated functions yourself - is to specify the locale in which you're doing the case conversion:
<?php setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_AT") ?>
It is important to note that setlocale() will silently fail if it can't find the specified locale on your system, so *always* check its return value. Try different spellings: using "de_AT" as an example, there are various combinations that may or may not work for you: "de", "de_AT.utf8", "de_AT.iso-8859-1", "de_AT.latin1", "de_AT@euro", etc).
If you can't find an appropriate locale setting, check your system configuration (locales are a system-wide setting, PHP gets them from the OS). On Windows, locales can be set from the Control Panel; on Linux it depends on your distribution. You can try "sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales" on Debian-based distros, or configure them manually. On Ubuntu Dapper, I had to copy entries over from /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED to /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local, then do the dpkg-reconfigure.
After you're done, restart the web server.
That said, there are special cases where you want to do the conversion manually. In German, for example, the letter 'ß' (szlig) only exists as a lower-case character, and so doesn't get converted by strtoupper. The convential way to express a 'ß' in an uppercase string is "SS". This function will take care of this exception (for Latin1 and most of Latin9, at least):
<?php
define("LATIN1_UC_CHARS", "ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝ");
define("LATIN1_LC_CHARS", "àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüý");
function uc_latin1 ($str) {
$str = strtoupper(strtr($str, LATIN1_LC_CHARS, LATIN1_UC_CHARS));
return strtr($str, array("ß" => "SS"));
}
?>
The following is my code for translate a given string to upper case and it will support chinese traditional :
// 2005/5/30 Justin
// Chinese_Traditional toupper
function CT_to_upper($string)
{
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string))
{
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
else
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
else
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$isChineseStart = true;
else
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
$i++;
}
return $new_string;
}
//
In the Irish language certain initial mutations can never be capitalized — the following simple function can be used to capitalize text in Irish.
i.e. Muintir na hÉireann -> MUINTIR NA hÉIREANN
<?php
function strtoupper_ga($a) {
return strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
" MB" => " mB",
" GC" => " gC",
" ND" => " nD",
" BHF" => " bhF",
" NG" => " nG",
" BP" => " bP",
" DT" => " dT",
" HA" => " hA",
" HE" => " hE",
" HI" => " hI",
" HO" => " hO",
" HU" => " hU",
" HÁ" => " hÁ",
" HÉ" => " hÉ",
" HÍ" => " hÍ",
" HÓ" => " hÓ",
" HÚ" => " hÚ"
));
}
?>
This would be my short version for French characters:
<?php
function fullUpper($string){
return strtr(strtoupper($string), array(
"à" => "À",
"è" => "È",
"ì" => "Ì",
"ò" => "Ò",
"ù" => "Ù",
"á" => "Á",
"é" => "É",
"í" => "Í",
"ó" => "Ó",
"ú" => "Ú",
"â" => "Â",
"ê" => "Ê",
"î" => "Î",
"ô" => "Ô",
"û" => "Û",
"ç" => "Ç",
));
}
?>
$ther=''.THEREISALREADYA.' '.CONCEPT.' '.SAVED.' ';
or
$ther="There Is all ready A concept SAVED";
$fupper=substr("$ther",0,1);
pick the first char
$theru = strtoupper($fupper);
make it upper
$flower=substr("$ther",1,100);
pick the rest
$therl = strtolower($flower);
make them lower
Result:
There is all ready a concept saved
Simple function to change the case of your string and any accented html characters contained within it.
Inspired by fullUpper(), by silent at gmx dot li... just a little bit more atomic.
<?php
function convertCase($str, $case = 'upper')
{ //yours, courtesy of table4.com :)
switch($case)
{
case "upper" :
default:
$str = strtoupper($str);
$pattern = '/&([A-Z])(UML|ACUTE|CIRC|TILDE|RING|';
$pattern .= 'ELIG|GRAVE|SLASH|HORN|CEDIL|TH);/e';
$replace = "'&'.'\\1'.strtolower('\\2').';'"; //convert the important bit back to lower
break;
case "lower" :
$str = strtolower($str);
break;
}
$str = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $str);
return $str;
}
?>
Depending on what you are trying to achieve you would call like this:
<?php
//with entities...
$str = convertCase(htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES, "ISO-8859-1"));
?>
accents convertion trick :
<?php
function ucfirstHTMLentity($matches){
return "&".ucfirst(strtolower($matches[1])).";";
}
function fullUpper($str){
$subject = strtoupper(htmlentities($str, null, 'UTF-8'));
$pattern = '/&([A-Z]+);/';
return preg_replace_callback($pattern, "ucfirstHTMLentity", $subject);
}
print fullUpper($_REQUEST["txt"]);
?>
This may save you time and effort (if you need to convert european languages such as Czech, Portugees, German or Swedish)
the function mb_strtoupper() converts all accented characters in the latin alphabet, ie. �, �, �, � etc. This is easier than some of the suggestions below. It should also convert case properly for russian, etc.
Portuguese version of String Capitalize in PHP.
function strProper($str)
{
$noUp = array('um','uma','o','a','de','do','da','em');
$str = trim($str);
$str = strtoupper($str[0]) . strtolower(substr($str, 1));
for($i=1; $i<strlen($str)-1; ++$i) {
if($str[$i]==' ') {
for($j=$i+1; $j<strlen($str) && $str[$j]!=' '; ++$j); //find next space
$size = $j-$i-1;
$shortWord = false;
if($size<=3) {
$theWord = substr($str,$i+1,$size);
for($j=0; $j<count($noUp) && !$shortWord; ++$j)
if($theWord==$noUp[$j])
$shortWord = true;
}
if( !$shortWord )
$str = substr($str, 0, $i+1) . strtoupper($str[$i+1]) . substr($str, $i+2);
}
$i+=$size;
}
return $str;
}
Simple function for uppercase encoding of croatian text! :)
<?php
function strtoupper_hr($a) {
return strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
" š" => " Š",
" đ" => " Đ",
" ž" => " Ž",
" č" => " Č",
" ć" => " Ć"
));
}
?>
convert polish special letters into big and small chars;p
<?php
function toUpper($string) {
return (strtoupper(strtr($string, 'ęóąśłżźćń','ĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ' )));
};
function toLower($string) {
return (strtolower(strtr($string,'ĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ', 'ęóąśłżźćń' )));
};
?>
