You can use the 'original' abbreviations if you feel more comfortable:
<?php
Normalizer::NFD;
Normalizer::NFKD;
Normalizer::NFC;
Normalizer::NFKC;
?>
(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PECL intl >= 1.0.0)
Normalizer::normalize -- normalizer_normalize — Normalizes the input provided and returns the normalized string
Object oriented style
$input
[, int $form = Normalizer::FORM_C
] )Procedural style
$input
[, int $form = Normalizer::FORM_C
] )Normalizes the input provided and returns the normalized string
inputThe input string to normalize
formOne of the normalization forms.
The normalized string or FALSE if an error occurred.
Example #1 normalizer_normalize() example
<?php
$char_A_ring = "\xC3\x85"; // 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00C5)
$char_combining_ring_above = "\xCC\x8A"; // 'COMBINING RING ABOVE' (U+030A)
$char_1 = normalizer_normalize( $char_A_ring, Normalizer::FORM_C );
$char_2 = normalizer_normalize( 'A' . $char_combining_ring_above, Normalizer::FORM_C );
echo urlencode($char_1);
echo ' ';
echo urlencode($char_2);
?>
Example #2 OO example
<?php
$char_A_ring = "\xC3\x85"; // 'LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE' (U+00C5)
$char_combining_ring_above = "\xCC\x8A"; // 'COMBINING RING ABOVE' (U+030A)
$char_1 = Normalizer::normalize( $char_A_ring, Normalizer::FORM_C );
$char_2 = Normalizer::normalize( 'A' . $char_combining_ring_above, Normalizer::FORM_C );
echo urlencode($char_1);
echo ' ';
echo urlencode($char_2);
?>
The above example will output:
%C3%85 %C3%85
You can use the 'original' abbreviations if you feel more comfortable:
<?php
Normalizer::NFD;
Normalizer::NFKD;
Normalizer::NFC;
Normalizer::NFKC;
?>
Especially when matching texts against each-other or against keywords, it is helpful to normalize the texts before.
The following function removes all diacritics (marks like accents) from a given UTF8-encoded texts and returns ASCii-text.
Be sure to have the PHP-Normalizer-extension (intl and icu) installed.
Tipp: You may also want to map the text to lower case before execute matching procedures ...
<?php
function normalizeUtf8String( $s)
{
// Normalizer-class missing!
if (! class_exists("Normalizer", $autoload = false))
return $original_string;
// maps German (umlauts) and other European characters onto two characters before just removing diacritics
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00c4}@u' , "AE", $s ); // umlaut Ä => AE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d6}@u' , "OE", $s ); // umlaut Ö => OE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00dc}@u' , "UE", $s ); // umlaut Ü => UE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00e4}@u' , "ae", $s ); // umlaut ä => ae
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f6}@u' , "oe", $s ); // umlaut ö => oe
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00fc}@u' , "ue", $s ); // umlaut ü => ue
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f1}@u' , "ny", $s ); // ñ => ny
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00ff}@u' , "yu", $s ); // ÿ => yu
// maps special characters (characters with diacritics) on their base-character followed by the diacritical mark
// exmaple: Ú => U´, á => a`
$s = Normalizer::normalize( $s, Normalizer::FORM_D );
$s = preg_replace( '@\pM@u' , "", $s ); // removes diacritics
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00df}@u' , "ss", $s ); // maps German ß onto ss
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00c6}@u' , "AE", $s ); // Æ => AE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00e6}@u' , "ae", $s ); // æ => ae
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0132}@u' , "IJ", $s ); // ? => IJ
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0133}@u' , "ij", $s ); // ? => ij
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0152}@u' , "OE", $s ); // Π=> OE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0153}@u' , "oe", $s ); // œ => oe
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d0}@u' , "D", $s ); // Ð => D
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0110}@u' , "D", $s ); // Ð => D
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f0}@u' , "d", $s ); // ð => d
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0111}@u' , "d", $s ); // d => d
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0126}@u' , "H", $s ); // H => H
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0127}@u' , "h", $s ); // h => h
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0131}@u' , "i", $s ); // i => i
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0138}@u' , "k", $s ); // ? => k
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{013f}@u' , "L", $s ); // ? => L
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0141}@u' , "L", $s ); // L => L
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0140}@u' , "l", $s ); // ? => l
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0142}@u' , "l", $s ); // l => l
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{014a}@u' , "N", $s ); // ? => N
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0149}@u' , "n", $s ); // ? => n
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{014b}@u' , "n", $s ); // ? => n
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d8}@u' , "O", $s ); // Ø => O
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f8}@u' , "o", $s ); // ø => o
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{017f}@u' , "s", $s ); // ? => s
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00de}@u' , "T", $s ); // Þ => T
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0166}@u' , "T", $s ); // T => T
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00fe}@u' , "t", $s ); // þ => t
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0167}@u' , "t", $s ); // t => t
// remove all non-ASCii characters
$s = preg_replace( '@[^\0-\x80]@u' , "", $s );
// possible errors in UTF8-regular-expressions
if (empty($s))
return $original_string;
else
return $s;
}
?>
The above function is mainly based on the following article:
http://ahinea.com/en/tech/accented-translate.html
If you get error messages while starting apache of xampp package with activated extension=intl.dll, copy the files
* icudt##.dll
* icuin##.dll
* icuio##.dll
* icule##.dll
* iculx##.dll
* icutu##.dll
* icuuc##.dll
## = version number
from "/program files/xampp/php"
into your "/program files/xampp/apache/bin" or whereever your xampp resides :-)