If no record, this function will also return false.
I think that is not very good...
(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)
PDOStatement::fetch — Fetches the next row from a result set
$fetch_style
[, int $cursor_orientation = PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT
[, int $cursor_offset = 0
]]] )
Fetches a row from a result set associated with a PDOStatement object. The
fetch_style parameter determines how PDO returns
the row.
fetch_styleControls how the next row will be returned to the caller. This value must be one of the PDO::FETCH_* constants, defaulting to value of PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE (which defaults to PDO::FETCH_BOTH).
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: returns an array indexed by column name as returned in your result set
PDO::FETCH_BOTH (default): returns an array indexed by both column name and 0-indexed column number as returned in your result set
PDO::FETCH_BOUND: returns TRUE and assigns the
values of the columns in your result set to the PHP variables to which
they were bound with the PDOStatement::bindColumn()
method
PDO::FETCH_CLASS: returns a new instance of the
requested class, mapping the columns of the result set to named
properties in the class. If fetch_style
includes PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE (e.g. PDO::FETCH_CLASS |
PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE) then the name of the class is
determined from a value of the first column.
PDO::FETCH_INTO: updates an existing instance of the requested class, mapping the columns of the result set to named properties in the class
PDO::FETCH_LAZY: combines PDO::FETCH_BOTH and PDO::FETCH_OBJ, creating the object variable names as they are accessed
PDO::FETCH_NAMED: returns an array with the same form as PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, except that if there are multiple columns with the same name, the value referred to by that key will be an array of all the values in the row that had that column name
PDO::FETCH_NUM: returns an array indexed by column number as returned in your result set, starting at column 0
PDO::FETCH_OBJ: returns an anonymous object with property names that correspond to the column names returned in your result set
cursor_orientationFor a PDOStatement object representing a scrollable cursor, this value determines which row will be returned to the caller. This value must be one of the PDO::FETCH_ORI_* constants, defaulting to PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT. To request a scrollable cursor for your PDOStatement object, you must set the PDO::ATTR_CURSOR attribute to PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL when you prepare the SQL statement with PDO::prepare().
offsetFor a PDOStatement object representing a scrollable cursor for which the cursor_orientation parameter is set to PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS, this value specifies the absolute number of the row in the result set that shall be fetched.
For a PDOStatement object representing a scrollable cursor for which the cursor_orientation parameter is set to PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL, this value specifies the row to fetch relative to the cursor position before PDOStatement::fetch() was called.
The return value of this function on success depends on the fetch type. In
all cases, FALSE is returned on failure.
Example #1 Fetching rows using different fetch styles
<?php
$sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT name, colour FROM fruit");
$sth->execute();
/* Exercise PDOStatement::fetch styles */
print("PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: ");
print("Return next row as an array indexed by column name\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_BOTH: ");
print("Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_LAZY: ");
print("Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
print_r($result);
print("\n");
print("PDO::FETCH_OBJ: ");
print("Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties\n");
$result = $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
print $result->name;
print("\n");
?>
The above example will output:
PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: Return next row as an array indexed by column name
Array
(
[name] => apple
[colour] => red
)
PDO::FETCH_BOTH: Return next row as an array indexed by both column name and number
Array
(
[name] => banana
[0] => banana
[colour] => yellow
[1] => yellow
)
PDO::FETCH_LAZY: Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties
PDORow Object
(
[name] => orange
[colour] => orange
)
PDO::FETCH_OBJ: Return next row as an anonymous object with column names as properties
kiwi
Example #2 Fetching rows with a scrollable cursor
<?php
function readDataForwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY BET';
try {
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT)) {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
}
$stmt = null;
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
}
function readDataBackwards($dbh) {
$sql = 'SELECT hand, won, bet FROM mynumbers ORDER BY bet';
try {
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL));
$stmt->execute();
$row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST);
do {
$data = $row[0] . "\t" . $row[1] . "\t" . $row[2] . "\n";
print $data;
} while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM, PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR));
$stmt = null;
}
catch (PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
}
print "Reading forwards:\n";
readDataForwards($conn);
print "Reading backwards:\n";
readDataBackwards($conn);
?>
The above example will output:
Reading forwards: 21 10 5 16 0 5 19 20 10 Reading backwards: 19 20 10 16 0 5 21 10 5
If no record, this function will also return false.
I think that is not very good...
WARNING:
fetch() does NOT adhere to SQL-92 SQLSTATE standard when dealing with empty datasets.
Instead of setting the errorcode class to 20 to indicate "no data found", it returns a class of 00 indicating success, and returns NULL to the caller.
This also prevents the exception mechainsm from firing.
Programmers will need to explicitly code tests for empty resultsets after any fetch*() instead of relying on the default behavior of the RDBMS.
I tried logging this as a bug, but it was dismissed as "working as intended". Just a head's up.
When using PDO::FETCH_COLUMN in a while loop, it's not enough to just use the value in the while statement as many examples show:
<?php
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN)) {
print $row;
}
?>
If there are 5 rows with values 1 2 0 4 5, then the while loop above will stop at the third row printing only 1 2. The solution is to either explicitly test for false:
<?php
while (($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN)) !== false) {
print $row;
}
?>
Or use foreach with fetchAll():
<?php
foreach ($stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) as $row) {
print $row;
}
?>
Both will correctly print 1 2 0 4 5.
When fetching an object, the constructor of the class is called after the fields are populated by default.
PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE is used to change the behaviour and make it work as expected - constructor be called _before_ the object fields will be populated with the data.
sample:
<?php
$a = $PDO->query('select id from table');
$a->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS|PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'ClassName');
$obj = $a->fetch();
?>
http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53394
If you want to use PDO::FETCH_CLASS you need to set it up with setFetchMode first like so:
$stmt->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'classType', array( 'parameters to constructor' );
$object = $stmt->fetch( PDO::FETCH_CLASS );
If you ommit this PHP will segfault.
A quick one liner to get the first entry returned. This is nice for very basic queries.
<?php
$count = current($db->query("select count(*) from table")->fetch());
?>php
Someone's already pointed out that PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL isn't supported by the SQLite driver. It's also worth noting that it's not supported by the MySQL driver either.
In fact, if you try to use scrollable cursors with a MySQL statement, the PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS parameter and the offset given to fetch() will be silently ignored. fetch() will behave as normal, returning rows in the order in which they came out of the database.
It's actually pretty confusing behaviour at first. Definitely worth documenting even if only as a user-added note on this page.
Because MySQL does not currently support the use of cursors, the $cursor_offset feature cannot work when using PDO to access a MySQL database.
If you are tring to arbitrarily access a specific record or group of records in a MySQL database recordset, you might want to consider using the LIMIT clause of the SELECT statement to achieve this e.g. LIMIT 5,3 to return just the 6th,7th & 8th records - 3 records starting at index 5 (which is the 6th record).
If you to use a new instance of a class for a record you can use:
<?php
include_once("user.class");
$sth = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = 1");
/* create instance automatically */
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'user');
$sth->execute();
$user = $sth->fetch( PDO::FETCH_CLASS );
$sth->closeCursor();
print ($user->id);
/* or create an instance yourself and use it */
$user= new user();
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_INTO, $user);
$sth->execute();
$user= $sth->fetch( PDO::FETCH_INTO );
$sth->closeCursor();
print ($user->id);
?>
Be careful with fetch() when you use prepared statements and MySQL (I don`t know how it is with other databases). Fetch won`t close cursor and won`t let you send any other query, even if your result set has only one row, .
If you use $statement->fetch(), you will also have to use $statement->closeCursor() afterwards, to be albe to execute another query.
Alternatively you can use $statement->fetchAll() without $statement->closeCursor().
Here is quick note for developers that use the PDO SQLite Driver:
The PDO SQLite driver does not support cursors, so using the PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL Attribute, will not work when using the PDO SQLite driver. For example:
<?php
// Assuming $Handle Is a PDO Handle.
$Statement = $Handle->query( $sqlStatement , array( PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL ) );
?>
What is even worse is that PDO::prepare will NOT throw an Exception when it fails to prepare the query, even when the error mode is set to throw Exceptions, and will instead return a Boolean False!
Not only do I consider this a poor design choice, but also its a real shame that this is not documented anywhere in the manual -- in fact the manual is not clear on what Attributes are supported by which drivers and which are not so developers are left to play a classic game of guess.
I hope this saves some developers some headaches.
Good Luck,
I spent some hours trying to find out how to manipulate with BLOB fields using PDO.
Remember that you can't retreive BLOB data using something like this :
<?php
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM sometable LIMIT 1';
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->setAttribute(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
$row = $stmt->fetch();
$myFile = $row['file'];
?>
Instead of this you should try following approach:
<?php
$sql = "SELECT mime, file FROM sometable LIMIT 1";
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$stmt->bindColumn(1, $mime,);
$stmt->bindColumn(2, $file, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch();
header('Content-type: '.$mime);
print $file;
?>
I could use PDO::FETCH_COLUMN to retrieve the first column from result.
$ps->fetch( PDO::FETCH_COLUMN );
Worked on Postgresql with PHP 5.3.10.
I can also add that the constructor is run _after_ the data is set on the object if yo use PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
Note that PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES will NOT work for the MySQL driver. MySQL will always return strings because that is the behaviour of the core mysql PHP extension. See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=44341
It seems that if you do a $statement->query() with an INSERT statement and after that a $statement->fetch() you will get an exception saying: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error.
Be careful when using PDO::FETCH_LAZY. It adds an additional field called queryString. I'm not sure if this a bug or not. I'm using version 5.6.17 in Debian Jessie.
Query: 'select 1,2,3'
$row=$smt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
var_dump($row);
object(stdClass)#6 (3) {
["1"]=>
string(1) "1"
["2"]=>
string(1) "2"
["3"]=>
string(1) "3"
}
$row=$smt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
var_dump($row);
object(PDORow)#3 (4) {
["queryString"]=>
string(12) "select 1,2,3"
["1"]=>
string(1) "1"
["2"]=>
string(1) "2"
["3"]=>
string(1) "3"
}
this is just On reminder note about Second parameter -cursor_oriantation-
PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT :-
Fetch the next row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR :-
Fetch the previous row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_FIRST :-
Fetch the first row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST :-
Fetch the last row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS :-
Fetch the requested row by row number from the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL :-
Fetch the requested row by relative position from the current position of the cursor in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
Note that this way, the "fetch mode" will get "overwritten", and PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE won't be applied:
<?php
$sth = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = 1");
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS|PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'user');
$sth->execute();
$user = $sth->fetch( PDO::FETCH_CLASS );
$sth->closeCursor();
?>
Instead, you should leave the parameter area for the fetch() method empty, like this (if you want to set the fetch mode with the setFetchMode() method):
<?php
$sth = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = 1");
$sth->setFetchMode( PDO::FETCH_CLASS|PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE, 'user');
$sth->execute();
$user = $sth->fetch();
$sth->closeCursor();
?>
note that fetch constants are not included in the PDO class for PHP versions prior to 5.1
I got problems during fetch of stored procedures with mssql following PDOException:
SQLSTATE[IMSSP]: The active result for the query contains no fields
with a a prepared statement like:
EXEC [mydb].[stored_procedure_that_returns_select] ?;
The solution was to supress the count of records
SET NOCOUNT ON; EXEC [mydb].[stored_procedure_that_returns_select] ?;
Hope it helps!
Note that using the FETCH_CLASS mechanism does NOT trigger the class's constructor! You must explicity instantiate the class to use it's constructor behavior.
When you do a SELECT query for one row, and want to check if it's there, you don't need to count the fetchAll() result, you can just check if $result->fetch() is true:
<?php
$bbnq = sprintf("SELECT login
FROM users
WHERE id = %u",27);
try
{ $req = $db_bbn->query($bbnq); }
catch (Exception $e)
{ bbnf_pdo_error($e,__FILE__,__LINE__); }
if ( $r = $req->fetch() )
{ echo "This query has a row result"; }
else
{ echo "This query has an empty result"; }
?>
Don't do
if($objStatement->fetch()) return $objStatement->fetch();
You want
if($blah=$objStatement->fetch()) return $blah;
Trust me on this one.