Plot an lme or nls object

plot.lme {nlme}

R Documentation

Plot an lme or nls object

Description

Diagnostic plots for the linear mixed-effects fit are obtained. The form argument gives considerable flexibility in the type of plot specification. A conditioning expression (on the right side of a | operator) always implies that different panels are used for each level of the conditioning factor, according to a Trellis display. If form is a one-sided formula, histograms of the variable on the right hand side of the formula, before a | operator, are displayed (the Trellis function histogram is used). If form is two-sided and both its left and right hand side variables are numeric, scatter plots are displayed (the Trellis function xyplot is used). Finally, if form is two-sided and its left had side variable is a factor, box-plots of the right hand side variable by the levels of the left hand side variable are displayed (the Trellis function bwplot is used).

Usage

## S3 method for class 'lme'
plot(x, form, abline, id, idLabels, idResType, grid, ...)
## S3 method for class 'nls'
plot(x, form, abline, id, idLabels, idResType, grid, ...)

Arguments

`x`	an object inheriting from class `"lme"`, representing a fitted linear mixed-effects model, or from `nls`, representing an fitted nonlinear least squares model.
`form`	an optional formula specifying the desired type of plot. Any variable present in the original data frame used to obtain `x` can be referenced. In addition, `x` itself can be referenced in the formula using the symbol `"."`. Conditional expressions on the right of a `\|` operator can be used to define separate panels in a Trellis display. Default is `resid(., type = "p") ~ fitted(.)` , corresponding to a plot of the standardized residuals versus fitted values, both evaluated at the innermost level of nesting.
`abline`	an optional numeric value, or numeric vector of length two. If given as a single value, a horizontal line will be added to the plot at that coordinate; else, if given as a vector, its values are used as the intercept and slope for a line added to the plot. If missing, no lines are added to the plot.
`id`	an optional numeric value, or one-sided formula. If given as a value, it is used as a significance level for a two-sided outlier test for the standardized, or normalized residuals. Observations with absolute standardized (normalized) residuals greater than the 1 - value/2 quantile of the standard normal distribution are identified in the plot using `idLabels`. If given as a one-sided formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a logical, integer, or character vector which is used to identify observations in the plot. If missing, no observations are identified.
`idLabels`	an optional vector, or one-sided formula. If given as a vector, it is converted to character and used to label the observations identified according to `id`. If given as a one-sided formula, its right hand side must evaluate to a vector which is converted to character and used to label the identified observations. Default is the innermost grouping factor.
`idResType`	an optional character string specifying the type of residuals to be used in identifying outliers, when `id` is a numeric value. If `"pearson"`, the standardized residuals (raw residuals divided by the corresponding standard errors) are used; else, if `"normalized"`, the normalized residuals (standardized residuals pre-multiplied by the inverse square-root factor of the estimated error correlation matrix) are used. Partial matching of arguments is used, so only the first character needs to be provided. Defaults to `"pearson"`.
`grid`	an optional logical value indicating whether a grid should be added to plot. Default depends on the type of Trellis plot used: if `xyplot` defaults to `TRUE`, else defaults to `FALSE`.
`...`	optional arguments passed to the Trellis plot function.

Value

a diagnostic Trellis plot.

Author(s)

José Pinheiro and Douglas Bates bates@stat.wisc.edu

Examples

fm1 <- lme(distance ~ age, Orthodont, random = ~ age | Subject)
# standardized residuals versus fitted values by gender
plot(fm1, resid(., type = "p") ~ fitted(.) | Sex, abline = 0)
# box-plots of residuals by Subject
plot(fm1, Subject ~ resid(.))
# observed versus fitted values by Subject
plot(fm1, distance ~ fitted(.) | Subject, abline = c(0,1))

[Package nlme version 3.1-139 Index]