seaborn.
pointplot
(x=None, y=None, hue=None, data=None, order=None, hue_order=None, estimator=<function mean>, ci=95, n_boot=1000, units=None, markers=’o’, linestyles=’-‘, dodge=False, join=True, scale=1, orient=None, color=None, palette=None, errwidth=None, capsize=None, ax=None, **kwargs)¶Show point estimates and confidence intervals using scatter plot glyphs.
A point plot represents an estimate of central tendency for a numeric variable by the position of scatter plot points and provides some indication of the uncertainty around that estimate using error bars.
Point plots can be more useful than bar plots for focusing comparisons
between different levels of one or more categorical variables. They are
particularly adept at showing interactions: how the relationship between
levels of one categorical variable changes across levels of a second
categorical variable. The lines that join each point from the same hue
level allow interactions to be judged by differences in slope, which is
easier for the eyes than comparing the heights of several groups of points
or bars.
It is important to keep in mind that a point plot shows only the mean (or other estimator) value, but in many cases it may be more informative to show the distribution of values at each level of the categorical variables. In that case, other approaches such as a box or violin plot may be more appropriate.
Input data can be passed in a variety of formats, including:
x
, y
, and/or hue
parameters.x
, y
, and hue
variables will determine how the data are plotted.In most cases, it is possible to use numpy or Python objects, but pandas objects are preferable because the associated names will be used to annotate the axes. Additionally, you can use Categorical types for the grouping variables to control the order of plot elements.
This function always treats one of the variables as categorical and draws data at ordinal positions (0, 1, … n) on the relevant axis, even when the data has a numeric or date type.
See the tutorial for more information.
Parameters: |
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Returns: |
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See also
Examples
Draw a set of vertical point plots grouped by a categorical variable:
>>> import seaborn as sns
>>> sns.set(style="darkgrid")
>>> tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="total_bill", data=tips)
Draw a set of vertical points with nested grouping by a two variables:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
... data=tips)
Separate the points for different hue levels along the categorical axis:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
... data=tips, dodge=True)
Use a different marker and line style for the hue levels:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
... data=tips,
... markers=["o", "x"],
... linestyles=["-", "--"])
Draw a set of horizontal points:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="tip", y="day", data=tips)
Don’t draw a line connecting each point:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="tip", y="day", data=tips, join=False)
Use a different color for a single-layer plot:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot("time", y="total_bill", data=tips,
... color="#bb3f3f")
Use a different color palette for the points:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="total_bill", hue="smoker",
... data=tips, palette="Set2")
Control point order by passing an explicit order:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="time", y="tip", data=tips,
... order=["Dinner", "Lunch"])
Use median as the estimate of central tendency:
>>> from numpy import median
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="day", y="tip", data=tips, estimator=median)
Show the standard error of the mean with the error bars:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="day", y="tip", data=tips, ci=68)
Show standard deviation of observations instead of a confidence interval:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="day", y="tip", data=tips, ci="sd")
Add “caps” to the error bars:
>>> ax = sns.pointplot(x="day", y="tip", data=tips, capsize=.2)
Use catplot()
to combine a barplot()
and a
FacetGrid
. This allows grouping within additional categorical
variables. Using catplot()
is safer than using FacetGrid
directly, as it ensures synchronization of variable order across facets:
>>> g = sns.catplot(x="sex", y="total_bill",
... hue="smoker", col="time",
... data=tips, kind="point",
... dodge=True,
... height=4, aspect=.7);