Source code for sympy.assumptions.handlers.sets

"""
Handlers for predicates related to set membership: integer, rational, etc.
"""
from __future__ import print_function, division

from sympy.assumptions import Q, ask
from sympy.assumptions.handlers import CommonHandler, test_closed_group
from sympy.core.numbers import pi
from sympy.functions.elementary.exponential import exp, log
from sympy import I


[docs]class AskIntegerHandler(CommonHandler): """ Handler for Q.integer Test that an expression belongs to the field of integer numbers """ @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_integer @staticmethod def _number(expr, assumptions): # helper method try: i = int(expr.round()) if not (expr - i).equals(0): raise TypeError return True except TypeError: return False
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Integer + Integer -> Integer Integer + !Integer -> !Integer !Integer + !Integer -> ? """ if expr.is_number: return AskIntegerHandler._number(expr, assumptions) return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.integer)
[docs] @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): """ Integer*Integer -> Integer Integer*Irrational -> !Integer Odd/Even -> !Integer Integer*Rational -> ? """ if expr.is_number: return AskIntegerHandler._number(expr, assumptions) _output = True for arg in expr.args: if not ask(Q.integer(arg), assumptions): if arg.is_Rational: if arg.q == 2: return ask(Q.even(2*expr), assumptions) if ~(arg.q & 1): return None elif ask(Q.irrational(arg), assumptions): if _output: _output = False else: return else: return else: return _output
Pow = Add int, Integer = [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)]*2 Pi, Exp1, GoldenRatio, TribonacciConstant, Infinity, NegativeInfinity, ImaginaryUnit = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysFalse)]*7 @staticmethod def Rational(expr, assumptions): # rationals with denominator one get # evaluated to Integers return False @staticmethod def Abs(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.integer(expr.args[0]), assumptions) @staticmethod def MatrixElement(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.integer_elements(expr.args[0]), assumptions) Determinant = Trace = MatrixElement
[docs]class AskRationalHandler(CommonHandler): """ Handler for Q.rational Test that an expression belongs to the field of rational numbers """ @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_rational
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Rational + Rational -> Rational Rational + !Rational -> !Rational !Rational + !Rational -> ? """ if expr.is_number: if expr.as_real_imag()[1]: return False return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.rational)
Mul = Add
[docs] @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): """ Rational ** Integer -> Rational Irrational ** Rational -> Irrational Rational ** Irrational -> ? """ if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): return ask(Q.rational(expr.base), assumptions) elif ask(Q.rational(expr.exp), assumptions): if ask(Q.prime(expr.base), assumptions): return False
Rational = staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue) Float = staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysNone) ImaginaryUnit, Infinity, NegativeInfinity, Pi, Exp1, GoldenRatio, TribonacciConstant = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysFalse)]*7 @staticmethod def exp(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.rational(x), assumptions): return ask(~Q.nonzero(x), assumptions) @staticmethod def cot(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.rational(x), assumptions): return False @staticmethod def log(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.rational(x), assumptions): return ask(~Q.nonzero(x - 1), assumptions) sin, cos, tan, asin, atan = [exp]*5 acos, acot = log, cot
class AskIrrationalHandler(CommonHandler): @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_irrational @staticmethod def Basic(expr, assumptions): _real = ask(Q.real(expr), assumptions) if _real: _rational = ask(Q.rational(expr), assumptions) if _rational is None: return None return not _rational else: return _real
[docs]class AskRealHandler(CommonHandler): """ Handler for Q.real Test that an expression belongs to the field of real numbers """ @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_real @staticmethod def _number(expr, assumptions): # let as_real_imag() work first since the expression may # be simpler to evaluate i = expr.as_real_imag()[1].evalf(2) if i._prec != 1: return not i # allow None to be returned if we couldn't show for sure # that i was 0
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Real + Real -> Real Real + (Complex & !Real) -> !Real """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.real)
[docs] @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): """ Real*Real -> Real Real*Imaginary -> !Real Imaginary*Imaginary -> Real """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) result = True for arg in expr.args: if ask(Q.real(arg), assumptions): pass elif ask(Q.imaginary(arg), assumptions): result = result ^ True else: break else: return result
[docs] @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): """ Real**Integer -> Real Positive**Real -> Real Real**(Integer/Even) -> Real if base is nonnegative Real**(Integer/Odd) -> Real Imaginary**(Integer/Even) -> Real Imaginary**(Integer/Odd) -> not Real Imaginary**Real -> ? since Real could be 0 (giving real) or 1 (giving imaginary) b**Imaginary -> Real if log(b) is imaginary and b != 0 and exponent != integer multiple of I*pi/log(b) Real**Real -> ? e.g. sqrt(-1) is imaginary and sqrt(2) is not """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) if expr.base.func == exp: if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.base.args[0]), assumptions): if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.exp), assumptions): return True # If the i = (exp's arg)/(I*pi) is an integer or half-integer # multiple of I*pi then 2*i will be an integer. In addition, # exp(i*I*pi) = (-1)**i so the overall realness of the expr # can be determined by replacing exp(i*I*pi) with (-1)**i. i = expr.base.args[0]/I/pi if ask(Q.integer(2*i), assumptions): return ask(Q.real(((-1)**i)**expr.exp), assumptions) return if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): odd = ask(Q.odd(expr.exp), assumptions) if odd is not None: return not odd return if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.exp), assumptions): imlog = ask(Q.imaginary(log(expr.base)), assumptions) if imlog is not None: # I**i -> real, log(I) is imag; # (2*I)**i -> complex, log(2*I) is not imag return imlog if ask(Q.real(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.real(expr.exp), assumptions): if expr.exp.is_Rational and \ ask(Q.even(expr.exp.q), assumptions): return ask(Q.positive(expr.base), assumptions) elif ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): return True elif ask(Q.positive(expr.base), assumptions): return True elif ask(Q.negative(expr.base), assumptions): return False
Rational, Float, Pi, Exp1, GoldenRatio, TribonacciConstant, Abs, re, im = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)]*9 ImaginaryUnit, Infinity, NegativeInfinity = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysFalse)]*3 @staticmethod def sin(expr, assumptions): if ask(Q.real(expr.args[0]), assumptions): return True cos = sin @staticmethod def exp(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.integer(expr.args[0]/I/pi) | Q.real(expr.args[0]), assumptions) @staticmethod def log(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.positive(expr.args[0]), assumptions) @staticmethod def MatrixElement(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.real_elements(expr.args[0]), assumptions) Determinant = Trace = MatrixElement
[docs]class AskExtendedRealHandler(AskRealHandler): """ Handler for Q.extended_real Test that an expression belongs to the field of extended real numbers, that is real numbers union {Infinity, -Infinity} """ @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.extended_real) Mul, Pow = [Add]*2 Infinity, NegativeInfinity = [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)]*2
[docs]class AskHermitianHandler(AskRealHandler): """ Handler for Q.hermitian Test that an expression belongs to the field of Hermitian operators """
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Hermitian + Hermitian -> Hermitian Hermitian + !Hermitian -> !Hermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.hermitian)
[docs] @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): """ As long as there is at most only one noncommutative term: Hermitian*Hermitian -> Hermitian Hermitian*Antihermitian -> !Hermitian Antihermitian*Antihermitian -> Hermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) nccount = 0 result = True for arg in expr.args: if ask(Q.antihermitian(arg), assumptions): result = result ^ True elif not ask(Q.hermitian(arg), assumptions): break if ask(~Q.commutative(arg), assumptions): nccount += 1 if nccount > 1: break else: return result
[docs] @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): """ Hermitian**Integer -> Hermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskRealHandler._number(expr, assumptions) if ask(Q.hermitian(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): return True
@staticmethod def sin(expr, assumptions): if ask(Q.hermitian(expr.args[0]), assumptions): return True cos, exp = [sin]*2
[docs]class AskComplexHandler(CommonHandler): """ Handler for Q.complex Test that an expression belongs to the field of complex numbers """ @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_complex @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.complex) Mul, Pow = [Add]*2 Number, sin, cos, log, exp, re, im, NumberSymbol, Abs, ImaginaryUnit = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)]*10 # they are all complex functions or expressions Infinity, NegativeInfinity = [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysFalse)]*2 @staticmethod def MatrixElement(expr, assumptions): return ask(Q.complex_elements(expr.args[0]), assumptions) Determinant = Trace = MatrixElement
[docs]class AskImaginaryHandler(CommonHandler): """ Handler for Q.imaginary Test that an expression belongs to the field of imaginary numbers, that is, numbers in the form x*I, where x is real """ @staticmethod def Expr(expr, assumptions): return expr.is_imaginary @staticmethod def _number(expr, assumptions): # let as_real_imag() work first since the expression may # be simpler to evaluate r = expr.as_real_imag()[0].evalf(2) if r._prec != 1: return not r # allow None to be returned if we couldn't show for sure # that r was 0
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Imaginary + Imaginary -> Imaginary Imaginary + Complex -> ? Imaginary + Real -> !Imaginary """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) reals = 0 for arg in expr.args: if ask(Q.imaginary(arg), assumptions): pass elif ask(Q.real(arg), assumptions): reals += 1 else: break else: if reals == 0: return True if reals == 1 or (len(expr.args) == reals): # two reals could sum 0 thus giving an imaginary return False
[docs] @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): """ Real*Imaginary -> Imaginary Imaginary*Imaginary -> Real """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) result = False reals = 0 for arg in expr.args: if ask(Q.imaginary(arg), assumptions): result = result ^ True elif not ask(Q.real(arg), assumptions): break else: if reals == len(expr.args): return False return result
[docs] @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): """ Imaginary**Odd -> Imaginary Imaginary**Even -> Real b**Imaginary -> !Imaginary if exponent is an integer multiple of I*pi/log(b) Imaginary**Real -> ? Positive**Real -> Real Negative**Integer -> Real Negative**(Integer/2) -> Imaginary Negative**Real -> not Imaginary if exponent is not Rational """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) if expr.base.func == exp: if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.base.args[0]), assumptions): if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.exp), assumptions): return False i = expr.base.args[0]/I/pi if ask(Q.integer(2*i), assumptions): return ask(Q.imaginary(((-1)**i)**expr.exp), assumptions) if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): odd = ask(Q.odd(expr.exp), assumptions) if odd is not None: return odd return if ask(Q.imaginary(expr.exp), assumptions): imlog = ask(Q.imaginary(log(expr.base)), assumptions) if imlog is not None: return False # I**i -> real; (2*I)**i -> complex ==> not imaginary if ask(Q.real(expr.base) & Q.real(expr.exp), assumptions): if ask(Q.positive(expr.base), assumptions): return False else: rat = ask(Q.rational(expr.exp), assumptions) if not rat: return rat if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): return False else: half = ask(Q.integer(2*expr.exp), assumptions) if half: return ask(Q.negative(expr.base), assumptions) return half
@staticmethod def log(expr, assumptions): if ask(Q.real(expr.args[0]), assumptions): if ask(Q.positive(expr.args[0]), assumptions): return False return # XXX it should be enough to do # return ask(Q.nonpositive(expr.args[0]), assumptions) # but ask(Q.nonpositive(exp(x)), Q.imaginary(x)) -> None; # it should return True since exp(x) will be either 0 or complex if expr.args[0].func == exp: if expr.args[0].args[0] in [I, -I]: return True im = ask(Q.imaginary(expr.args[0]), assumptions) if im is False: return False @staticmethod def exp(expr, assumptions): a = expr.args[0]/I/pi return ask(Q.integer(2*a) & ~Q.integer(a), assumptions) @staticmethod def Number(expr, assumptions): return not (expr.as_real_imag()[1] == 0) NumberSymbol = Number ImaginaryUnit = staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)
[docs]class AskAntiHermitianHandler(AskImaginaryHandler): """ Handler for Q.antihermitian Test that an expression belongs to the field of anti-Hermitian operators, that is, operators in the form x*I, where x is Hermitian """
[docs] @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): """ Antihermitian + Antihermitian -> Antihermitian Antihermitian + !Antihermitian -> !Antihermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.antihermitian)
[docs] @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): """ As long as there is at most only one noncommutative term: Hermitian*Hermitian -> !Antihermitian Hermitian*Antihermitian -> Antihermitian Antihermitian*Antihermitian -> !Antihermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) nccount = 0 result = False for arg in expr.args: if ask(Q.antihermitian(arg), assumptions): result = result ^ True elif not ask(Q.hermitian(arg), assumptions): break if ask(~Q.commutative(arg), assumptions): nccount += 1 if nccount > 1: break else: return result
[docs] @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): """ Hermitian**Integer -> !Antihermitian Antihermitian**Even -> !Antihermitian Antihermitian**Odd -> Antihermitian """ if expr.is_number: return AskImaginaryHandler._number(expr, assumptions) if ask(Q.hermitian(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.integer(expr.exp), assumptions): return False elif ask(Q.antihermitian(expr.base), assumptions): if ask(Q.even(expr.exp), assumptions): return False elif ask(Q.odd(expr.exp), assumptions): return True
[docs]class AskAlgebraicHandler(CommonHandler): """Handler for Q.algebraic key. """ @staticmethod def Add(expr, assumptions): return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.algebraic) @staticmethod def Mul(expr, assumptions): return test_closed_group(expr, assumptions, Q.algebraic) @staticmethod def Pow(expr, assumptions): return expr.exp.is_Rational and ask( Q.algebraic(expr.base), assumptions) @staticmethod def Rational(expr, assumptions): return expr.q != 0 Float, GoldenRatio, TribonacciConstant, ImaginaryUnit, AlgebraicNumber = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysTrue)]*5 Infinity, NegativeInfinity, ComplexInfinity, Pi, Exp1 = \ [staticmethod(CommonHandler.AlwaysFalse)]*5 @staticmethod def exp(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.algebraic(x), assumptions): return ask(~Q.nonzero(x), assumptions) @staticmethod def cot(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.algebraic(x), assumptions): return False @staticmethod def log(expr, assumptions): x = expr.args[0] if ask(Q.algebraic(x), assumptions): return ask(~Q.nonzero(x - 1), assumptions) sin, cos, tan, asin, atan = [exp]*5 acos, acot = log, cot