Source code for sympy.polys.densebasic

"""Basic tools for dense recursive polynomials in ``K[x]`` or ``K[X]``. """

from __future__ import print_function, division

from sympy import oo
from sympy.core import igcd
from sympy.core.compatibility import range
from sympy.polys.monomials import monomial_min, monomial_div
from sympy.polys.orderings import monomial_key

import random

def poly_LC(f, K):
    """
    Return leading coefficient of ``f``.

    Examples
    ========

    >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ
    >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import poly_LC

    >>> poly_LC([], ZZ)
    0
    >>> poly_LC([ZZ(1), ZZ(2), ZZ(3)], ZZ)
    1

    """
    if not f:
        return K.zero
    else:
        return f[0]


def poly_TC(f, K):
    """
    Return trailing coefficient of ``f``.

    Examples
    ========

    >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ
    >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import poly_TC

    >>> poly_TC([], ZZ)
    0
    >>> poly_TC([ZZ(1), ZZ(2), ZZ(3)], ZZ)
    3

    """
    if not f:
        return K.zero
    else:
        return f[-1]

dup_LC = dmp_LC = poly_LC
dup_TC = dmp_TC = poly_TC


[docs]def dmp_ground_LC(f, u, K): """ Return the ground leading coefficient. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_ground_LC >>> f = ZZ.map([[[1], [2, 3]]]) >>> dmp_ground_LC(f, 2, ZZ) 1 """ while u: f = dmp_LC(f, K) u -= 1 return dup_LC(f, K)
[docs]def dmp_ground_TC(f, u, K): """ Return the ground trailing coefficient. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_ground_TC >>> f = ZZ.map([[[1], [2, 3]]]) >>> dmp_ground_TC(f, 2, ZZ) 3 """ while u: f = dmp_TC(f, K) u -= 1 return dup_TC(f, K)
[docs]def dmp_true_LT(f, u, K): """ Return the leading term ``c * x_1**n_1 ... x_k**n_k``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_true_LT >>> f = ZZ.map([[4], [2, 0], [3, 0, 0]]) >>> dmp_true_LT(f, 1, ZZ) ((2, 0), 4) """ monom = [] while u: monom.append(len(f) - 1) f, u = f[0], u - 1 if not f: monom.append(0) else: monom.append(len(f) - 1) return tuple(monom), dup_LC(f, K)
def dup_degree(f): """ Return the leading degree of ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Note that the degree of 0 is negative infinity (the SymPy object -oo). Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_degree >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 2, 0, 3]) >>> dup_degree(f) 3 """ if not f: return -oo return len(f) - 1
[docs]def dmp_degree(f, u): """ Return the leading degree of ``f`` in ``x_0`` in ``K[X]``. Note that the degree of 0 is negative infinity (the SymPy object -oo). Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_degree >>> dmp_degree([[[]]], 2) -oo >>> f = ZZ.map([[2], [1, 2, 3]]) >>> dmp_degree(f, 1) 1 """ if dmp_zero_p(f, u): return -oo else: return len(f) - 1
def _rec_degree_in(g, v, i, j): """Recursive helper function for :func:`dmp_degree_in`.""" if i == j: return dmp_degree(g, v) v, i = v - 1, i + 1 return max([ _rec_degree_in(c, v, i, j) for c in g ])
[docs]def dmp_degree_in(f, j, u): """ Return the leading degree of ``f`` in ``x_j`` in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_degree_in >>> f = ZZ.map([[2], [1, 2, 3]]) >>> dmp_degree_in(f, 0, 1) 1 >>> dmp_degree_in(f, 1, 1) 2 """ if not j: return dmp_degree(f, u) if j < 0 or j > u: raise IndexError("0 <= j <= %s expected, got %s" % (u, j)) return _rec_degree_in(f, u, 0, j)
def _rec_degree_list(g, v, i, degs): """Recursive helper for :func:`dmp_degree_list`.""" degs[i] = max(degs[i], dmp_degree(g, v)) if v > 0: v, i = v - 1, i + 1 for c in g: _rec_degree_list(c, v, i, degs)
[docs]def dmp_degree_list(f, u): """ Return a list of degrees of ``f`` in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_degree_list >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [1, 2, 3]]) >>> dmp_degree_list(f, 1) (1, 2) """ degs = [-oo]*(u + 1) _rec_degree_list(f, u, 0, degs) return tuple(degs)
def dup_strip(f): """ Remove leading zeros from ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_strip >>> dup_strip([0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0]) [1, 2, 3, 0] """ if not f or f[0]: return f i = 0 for cf in f: if cf: break else: i += 1 return f[i:]
[docs]def dmp_strip(f, u): """ Remove leading zeros from ``f`` in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_strip >>> dmp_strip([[], [0, 1, 2], [1]], 1) [[0, 1, 2], [1]] """ if not u: return dup_strip(f) if dmp_zero_p(f, u): return f i, v = 0, u - 1 for c in f: if not dmp_zero_p(c, v): break else: i += 1 if i == len(f): return dmp_zero(u) else: return f[i:]
def _rec_validate(f, g, i, K): """Recursive helper for :func:`dmp_validate`.""" if type(g) is not list: if K is not None and not K.of_type(g): raise TypeError("%s in %s in not of type %s" % (g, f, K.dtype)) return set([i - 1]) elif not g: return set([i]) else: levels = set([]) for c in g: levels |= _rec_validate(f, c, i + 1, K) return levels def _rec_strip(g, v): """Recursive helper for :func:`_rec_strip`.""" if not v: return dup_strip(g) w = v - 1 return dmp_strip([ _rec_strip(c, w) for c in g ], v)
[docs]def dmp_validate(f, K=None): """ Return the number of levels in ``f`` and recursively strip it. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_validate >>> dmp_validate([[], [0, 1, 2], [1]]) ([[1, 2], [1]], 1) >>> dmp_validate([[1], 1]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: invalid data structure for a multivariate polynomial """ levels = _rec_validate(f, f, 0, K) u = levels.pop() if not levels: return _rec_strip(f, u), u else: raise ValueError( "invalid data structure for a multivariate polynomial")
[docs]def dup_reverse(f): """ Compute ``x**n * f(1/x)``, i.e.: reverse ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_reverse >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 2, 3, 0]) >>> dup_reverse(f) [3, 2, 1] """ return dup_strip(list(reversed(f)))
def dup_copy(f): """ Create a new copy of a polynomial ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_copy >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 2, 3, 0]) >>> dup_copy([1, 2, 3, 0]) [1, 2, 3, 0] """ return list(f)
[docs]def dmp_copy(f, u): """ Create a new copy of a polynomial ``f`` in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_copy >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [1, 2]]) >>> dmp_copy(f, 1) [[1], [1, 2]] """ if not u: return list(f) v = u - 1 return [ dmp_copy(c, v) for c in f ]
def dup_to_tuple(f): """ Convert `f` into a tuple. This is needed for hashing. This is similar to dup_copy(). Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_copy >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 2, 3, 0]) >>> dup_copy([1, 2, 3, 0]) [1, 2, 3, 0] """ return tuple(f)
[docs]def dmp_to_tuple(f, u): """ Convert `f` into a nested tuple of tuples. This is needed for hashing. This is similar to dmp_copy(). Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_to_tuple >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [1, 2]]) >>> dmp_to_tuple(f, 1) ((1,), (1, 2)) """ if not u: return tuple(f) v = u - 1 return tuple(dmp_to_tuple(c, v) for c in f)
def dup_normal(f, K): """ Normalize univariate polynomial in the given domain. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_normal >>> dup_normal([0, 1.5, 2, 3], ZZ) [1, 2, 3] """ return dup_strip([ K.normal(c) for c in f ])
[docs]def dmp_normal(f, u, K): """ Normalize a multivariate polynomial in the given domain. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_normal >>> dmp_normal([[], [0, 1.5, 2]], 1, ZZ) [[1, 2]] """ if not u: return dup_normal(f, K) v = u - 1 return dmp_strip([ dmp_normal(c, v, K) for c in f ], u)
def dup_convert(f, K0, K1): """ Convert the ground domain of ``f`` from ``K0`` to ``K1``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.rings import ring >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_convert >>> R, x = ring("x", ZZ) >>> dup_convert([R(1), R(2)], R.to_domain(), ZZ) [1, 2] >>> dup_convert([ZZ(1), ZZ(2)], ZZ, R.to_domain()) [1, 2] """ if K0 is not None and K0 == K1: return f else: return dup_strip([ K1.convert(c, K0) for c in f ])
[docs]def dmp_convert(f, u, K0, K1): """ Convert the ground domain of ``f`` from ``K0`` to ``K1``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.rings import ring >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_convert >>> R, x = ring("x", ZZ) >>> dmp_convert([[R(1)], [R(2)]], 1, R.to_domain(), ZZ) [[1], [2]] >>> dmp_convert([[ZZ(1)], [ZZ(2)]], 1, ZZ, R.to_domain()) [[1], [2]] """ if not u: return dup_convert(f, K0, K1) if K0 is not None and K0 == K1: return f v = u - 1 return dmp_strip([ dmp_convert(c, v, K0, K1) for c in f ], u)
def dup_from_sympy(f, K): """ Convert the ground domain of ``f`` from SymPy to ``K``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import S >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_from_sympy >>> dup_from_sympy([S(1), S(2)], ZZ) == [ZZ(1), ZZ(2)] True """ return dup_strip([ K.from_sympy(c) for c in f ])
[docs]def dmp_from_sympy(f, u, K): """ Convert the ground domain of ``f`` from SymPy to ``K``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import S >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_from_sympy >>> dmp_from_sympy([[S(1)], [S(2)]], 1, ZZ) == [[ZZ(1)], [ZZ(2)]] True """ if not u: return dup_from_sympy(f, K) v = u - 1 return dmp_strip([ dmp_from_sympy(c, v, K) for c in f ], u)
def dup_nth(f, n, K): """ Return the ``n``-th coefficient of ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_nth >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 2, 3]) >>> dup_nth(f, 0, ZZ) 3 >>> dup_nth(f, 4, ZZ) 0 """ if n < 0: raise IndexError("'n' must be non-negative, got %i" % n) elif n >= len(f): return K.zero else: return f[dup_degree(f) - n]
[docs]def dmp_nth(f, n, u, K): """ Return the ``n``-th coefficient of ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_nth >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [2], [3]]) >>> dmp_nth(f, 0, 1, ZZ) [3] >>> dmp_nth(f, 4, 1, ZZ) [] """ if n < 0: raise IndexError("'n' must be non-negative, got %i" % n) elif n >= len(f): return dmp_zero(u - 1) else: return f[dmp_degree(f, u) - n]
[docs]def dmp_ground_nth(f, N, u, K): """ Return the ground ``n``-th coefficient of ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_ground_nth >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [2, 3]]) >>> dmp_ground_nth(f, (0, 1), 1, ZZ) 2 """ v = u for n in N: if n < 0: raise IndexError("`n` must be non-negative, got %i" % n) elif n >= len(f): return K.zero else: d = dmp_degree(f, v) if d == -oo: d = -1 f, v = f[d - n], v - 1 return f
[docs]def dmp_zero_p(f, u): """ Return ``True`` if ``f`` is zero in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_zero_p >>> dmp_zero_p([[[[[]]]]], 4) True >>> dmp_zero_p([[[[[1]]]]], 4) False """ while u: if len(f) != 1: return False f = f[0] u -= 1 return not f
[docs]def dmp_zero(u): """ Return a multivariate zero. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_zero >>> dmp_zero(4) [[[[[]]]]] """ r = [] for i in range(u): r = [r] return r
[docs]def dmp_one_p(f, u, K): """ Return ``True`` if ``f`` is one in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_one_p >>> dmp_one_p([[[ZZ(1)]]], 2, ZZ) True """ return dmp_ground_p(f, K.one, u)
[docs]def dmp_one(u, K): """ Return a multivariate one over ``K``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_one >>> dmp_one(2, ZZ) [[[1]]] """ return dmp_ground(K.one, u)
[docs]def dmp_ground_p(f, c, u): """ Return True if ``f`` is constant in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_ground_p >>> dmp_ground_p([[[3]]], 3, 2) True >>> dmp_ground_p([[[4]]], None, 2) True """ if c is not None and not c: return dmp_zero_p(f, u) while u: if len(f) != 1: return False f = f[0] u -= 1 if c is None: return len(f) <= 1 else: return f == [c]
[docs]def dmp_ground(c, u): """ Return a multivariate constant. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_ground >>> dmp_ground(3, 5) [[[[[[3]]]]]] >>> dmp_ground(1, -1) 1 """ if not c: return dmp_zero(u) for i in range(u + 1): c = [c] return c
[docs]def dmp_zeros(n, u, K): """ Return a list of multivariate zeros. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_zeros >>> dmp_zeros(3, 2, ZZ) [[[[]]], [[[]]], [[[]]]] >>> dmp_zeros(3, -1, ZZ) [0, 0, 0] """ if not n: return [] if u < 0: return [K.zero]*n else: return [ dmp_zero(u) for i in range(n) ]
[docs]def dmp_grounds(c, n, u): """ Return a list of multivariate constants. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_grounds >>> dmp_grounds(ZZ(4), 3, 2) [[[[4]]], [[[4]]], [[[4]]]] >>> dmp_grounds(ZZ(4), 3, -1) [4, 4, 4] """ if not n: return [] if u < 0: return [c]*n else: return [ dmp_ground(c, u) for i in range(n) ]
[docs]def dmp_negative_p(f, u, K): """ Return ``True`` if ``LC(f)`` is negative. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_negative_p >>> dmp_negative_p([[ZZ(1)], [-ZZ(1)]], 1, ZZ) False >>> dmp_negative_p([[-ZZ(1)], [ZZ(1)]], 1, ZZ) True """ return K.is_negative(dmp_ground_LC(f, u, K))
[docs]def dmp_positive_p(f, u, K): """ Return ``True`` if ``LC(f)`` is positive. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_positive_p >>> dmp_positive_p([[ZZ(1)], [-ZZ(1)]], 1, ZZ) True >>> dmp_positive_p([[-ZZ(1)], [ZZ(1)]], 1, ZZ) False """ return K.is_positive(dmp_ground_LC(f, u, K))
def dup_from_dict(f, K): """ Create a ``K[x]`` polynomial from a ``dict``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_from_dict >>> dup_from_dict({(0,): ZZ(7), (2,): ZZ(5), (4,): ZZ(1)}, ZZ) [1, 0, 5, 0, 7] >>> dup_from_dict({}, ZZ) [] """ if not f: return [] n, h = max(f.keys()), [] if type(n) is int: for k in range(n, -1, -1): h.append(f.get(k, K.zero)) else: (n,) = n for k in range(n, -1, -1): h.append(f.get((k,), K.zero)) return dup_strip(h) def dup_from_raw_dict(f, K): """ Create a ``K[x]`` polynomial from a raw ``dict``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_from_raw_dict >>> dup_from_raw_dict({0: ZZ(7), 2: ZZ(5), 4: ZZ(1)}, ZZ) [1, 0, 5, 0, 7] """ if not f: return [] n, h = max(f.keys()), [] for k in range(n, -1, -1): h.append(f.get(k, K.zero)) return dup_strip(h)
[docs]def dmp_from_dict(f, u, K): """ Create a ``K[X]`` polynomial from a ``dict``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_from_dict >>> dmp_from_dict({(0, 0): ZZ(3), (0, 1): ZZ(2), (2, 1): ZZ(1)}, 1, ZZ) [[1, 0], [], [2, 3]] >>> dmp_from_dict({}, 0, ZZ) [] """ if not u: return dup_from_dict(f, K) if not f: return dmp_zero(u) coeffs = {} for monom, coeff in f.items(): head, tail = monom[0], monom[1:] if head in coeffs: coeffs[head][tail] = coeff else: coeffs[head] = { tail: coeff } n, v, h = max(coeffs.keys()), u - 1, [] for k in range(n, -1, -1): coeff = coeffs.get(k) if coeff is not None: h.append(dmp_from_dict(coeff, v, K)) else: h.append(dmp_zero(v)) return dmp_strip(h, u)
def dup_to_dict(f, K=None, zero=False): """ Convert ``K[x]`` polynomial to a ``dict``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_to_dict >>> dup_to_dict([1, 0, 5, 0, 7]) {(0,): 7, (2,): 5, (4,): 1} >>> dup_to_dict([]) {} """ if not f and zero: return {(0,): K.zero} n, result = len(f) - 1, {} for k in range(0, n + 1): if f[n - k]: result[(k,)] = f[n - k] return result def dup_to_raw_dict(f, K=None, zero=False): """ Convert a ``K[x]`` polynomial to a raw ``dict``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_to_raw_dict >>> dup_to_raw_dict([1, 0, 5, 0, 7]) {0: 7, 2: 5, 4: 1} """ if not f and zero: return {0: K.zero} n, result = len(f) - 1, {} for k in range(0, n + 1): if f[n - k]: result[k] = f[n - k] return result
[docs]def dmp_to_dict(f, u, K=None, zero=False): """ Convert a ``K[X]`` polynomial to a ``dict````. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_to_dict >>> dmp_to_dict([[1, 0], [], [2, 3]], 1) {(0, 0): 3, (0, 1): 2, (2, 1): 1} >>> dmp_to_dict([], 0) {} """ if not u: return dup_to_dict(f, K, zero=zero) if dmp_zero_p(f, u) and zero: return {(0,)*(u + 1): K.zero} n, v, result = dmp_degree(f, u), u - 1, {} if n == -oo: n = -1 for k in range(0, n + 1): h = dmp_to_dict(f[n - k], v) for exp, coeff in h.items(): result[(k,) + exp] = coeff return result
[docs]def dmp_swap(f, i, j, u, K): """ Transform ``K[..x_i..x_j..]`` to ``K[..x_j..x_i..]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_swap >>> f = ZZ.map([[[2], [1, 0]], []]) >>> dmp_swap(f, 0, 1, 2, ZZ) [[[2], []], [[1, 0], []]] >>> dmp_swap(f, 1, 2, 2, ZZ) [[[1], [2, 0]], [[]]] >>> dmp_swap(f, 0, 2, 2, ZZ) [[[1, 0]], [[2, 0], []]] """ if i < 0 or j < 0 or i > u or j > u: raise IndexError("0 <= i < j <= %s expected" % u) elif i == j: return f F, H = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} for exp, coeff in F.items(): H[exp[:i] + (exp[j],) + exp[i + 1:j] + (exp[i],) + exp[j + 1:]] = coeff return dmp_from_dict(H, u, K)
[docs]def dmp_permute(f, P, u, K): """ Return a polynomial in ``K[x_{P(1)},..,x_{P(n)}]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_permute >>> f = ZZ.map([[[2], [1, 0]], []]) >>> dmp_permute(f, [1, 0, 2], 2, ZZ) [[[2], []], [[1, 0], []]] >>> dmp_permute(f, [1, 2, 0], 2, ZZ) [[[1], []], [[2, 0], []]] """ F, H = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} for exp, coeff in F.items(): new_exp = [0]*len(exp) for e, p in zip(exp, P): new_exp[p] = e H[tuple(new_exp)] = coeff return dmp_from_dict(H, u, K)
[docs]def dmp_nest(f, l, K): """ Return a multivariate value nested ``l``-levels. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_nest >>> dmp_nest([[ZZ(1)]], 2, ZZ) [[[[1]]]] """ if not isinstance(f, list): return dmp_ground(f, l) for i in range(l): f = [f] return f
[docs]def dmp_raise(f, l, u, K): """ Return a multivariate polynomial raised ``l``-levels. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_raise >>> f = ZZ.map([[], [1, 2]]) >>> dmp_raise(f, 2, 1, ZZ) [[[[]]], [[[1]], [[2]]]] """ if not l: return f if not u: if not f: return dmp_zero(l) k = l - 1 return [ dmp_ground(c, k) for c in f ] v = u - 1 return [ dmp_raise(c, l, v, K) for c in f ]
def dup_deflate(f, K): """ Map ``x**m`` to ``y`` in a polynomial in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_deflate >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]) >>> dup_deflate(f, ZZ) (3, [1, 1, 1]) """ if dup_degree(f) <= 0: return 1, f g = 0 for i in range(len(f)): if not f[-i - 1]: continue g = igcd(g, i) if g == 1: return 1, f return g, f[::g]
[docs]def dmp_deflate(f, u, K): """ Map ``x_i**m_i`` to ``y_i`` in a polynomial in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_deflate >>> f = ZZ.map([[1, 0, 0, 2], [], [3, 0, 0, 4]]) >>> dmp_deflate(f, 1, ZZ) ((2, 3), [[1, 2], [3, 4]]) """ if dmp_zero_p(f, u): return (1,)*(u + 1), f F = dmp_to_dict(f, u) B = [0]*(u + 1) for M in F.keys(): for i, m in enumerate(M): B[i] = igcd(B[i], m) for i, b in enumerate(B): if not b: B[i] = 1 B = tuple(B) if all(b == 1 for b in B): return B, f H = {} for A, coeff in F.items(): N = [ a // b for a, b in zip(A, B) ] H[tuple(N)] = coeff return B, dmp_from_dict(H, u, K)
def dup_multi_deflate(polys, K): """ Map ``x**m`` to ``y`` in a set of polynomials in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_multi_deflate >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 0, 2, 0, 3]) >>> g = ZZ.map([4, 0, 0]) >>> dup_multi_deflate((f, g), ZZ) (2, ([1, 2, 3], [4, 0])) """ G = 0 for p in polys: if dup_degree(p) <= 0: return 1, polys g = 0 for i in range(len(p)): if not p[-i - 1]: continue g = igcd(g, i) if g == 1: return 1, polys G = igcd(G, g) return G, tuple([ p[::G] for p in polys ])
[docs]def dmp_multi_deflate(polys, u, K): """ Map ``x_i**m_i`` to ``y_i`` in a set of polynomials in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_multi_deflate >>> f = ZZ.map([[1, 0, 0, 2], [], [3, 0, 0, 4]]) >>> g = ZZ.map([[1, 0, 2], [], [3, 0, 4]]) >>> dmp_multi_deflate((f, g), 1, ZZ) ((2, 1), ([[1, 0, 0, 2], [3, 0, 0, 4]], [[1, 0, 2], [3, 0, 4]])) """ if not u: M, H = dup_multi_deflate(polys, K) return (M,), H F, B = [], [0]*(u + 1) for p in polys: f = dmp_to_dict(p, u) if not dmp_zero_p(p, u): for M in f.keys(): for i, m in enumerate(M): B[i] = igcd(B[i], m) F.append(f) for i, b in enumerate(B): if not b: B[i] = 1 B = tuple(B) if all(b == 1 for b in B): return B, polys H = [] for f in F: h = {} for A, coeff in f.items(): N = [ a // b for a, b in zip(A, B) ] h[tuple(N)] = coeff H.append(dmp_from_dict(h, u, K)) return B, tuple(H)
def dup_inflate(f, m, K): """ Map ``y`` to ``x**m`` in a polynomial in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_inflate >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 1, 1]) >>> dup_inflate(f, 3, ZZ) [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1] """ if m <= 0: raise IndexError("'m' must be positive, got %s" % m) if m == 1 or not f: return f result = [f[0]] for coeff in f[1:]: result.extend([K.zero]*(m - 1)) result.append(coeff) return result def _rec_inflate(g, M, v, i, K): """Recursive helper for :func:`dmp_inflate`.""" if not v: return dup_inflate(g, M[i], K) if M[i] <= 0: raise IndexError("all M[i] must be positive, got %s" % M[i]) w, j = v - 1, i + 1 g = [ _rec_inflate(c, M, w, j, K) for c in g ] result = [g[0]] for coeff in g[1:]: for _ in range(1, M[i]): result.append(dmp_zero(w)) result.append(coeff) return result
[docs]def dmp_inflate(f, M, u, K): """ Map ``y_i`` to ``x_i**k_i`` in a polynomial in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_inflate >>> f = ZZ.map([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) >>> dmp_inflate(f, (2, 3), 1, ZZ) [[1, 0, 0, 2], [], [3, 0, 0, 4]] """ if not u: return dup_inflate(f, M[0], K) if all(m == 1 for m in M): return f else: return _rec_inflate(f, M, u, 0, K)
[docs]def dmp_exclude(f, u, K): """ Exclude useless levels from ``f``. Return the levels excluded, the new excluded ``f``, and the new ``u``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_exclude >>> f = ZZ.map([[[1]], [[1], [2]]]) >>> dmp_exclude(f, 2, ZZ) ([2], [[1], [1, 2]], 1) """ if not u or dmp_ground_p(f, None, u): return [], f, u J, F = [], dmp_to_dict(f, u) for j in range(0, u + 1): for monom in F.keys(): if monom[j]: break else: J.append(j) if not J: return [], f, u f = {} for monom, coeff in F.items(): monom = list(monom) for j in reversed(J): del monom[j] f[tuple(monom)] = coeff u -= len(J) return J, dmp_from_dict(f, u, K), u
[docs]def dmp_include(f, J, u, K): """ Include useless levels in ``f``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_include >>> f = ZZ.map([[1], [1, 2]]) >>> dmp_include(f, [2], 1, ZZ) [[[1]], [[1], [2]]] """ if not J: return f F, f = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} for monom, coeff in F.items(): monom = list(monom) for j in J: monom.insert(j, 0) f[tuple(monom)] = coeff u += len(J) return dmp_from_dict(f, u, K)
[docs]def dmp_inject(f, u, K, front=False): """ Convert ``f`` from ``K[X][Y]`` to ``K[X,Y]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.rings import ring >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_inject >>> R, x,y = ring("x,y", ZZ) >>> dmp_inject([R(1), x + 2], 0, R.to_domain()) ([[[1]], [[1], [2]]], 2) >>> dmp_inject([R(1), x + 2], 0, R.to_domain(), front=True) ([[[1]], [[1, 2]]], 2) """ f, h = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} v = K.ngens - 1 for f_monom, g in f.items(): g = g.to_dict() for g_monom, c in g.items(): if front: h[g_monom + f_monom] = c else: h[f_monom + g_monom] = c w = u + v + 1 return dmp_from_dict(h, w, K.dom), w
[docs]def dmp_eject(f, u, K, front=False): """ Convert ``f`` from ``K[X,Y]`` to ``K[X][Y]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_eject >>> dmp_eject([[[1]], [[1], [2]]], 2, ZZ['x', 'y']) [1, x + 2] """ f, h = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} n = K.ngens v = u - K.ngens + 1 for monom, c in f.items(): if front: g_monom, f_monom = monom[:n], monom[n:] else: g_monom, f_monom = monom[-n:], monom[:-n] if f_monom in h: h[f_monom][g_monom] = c else: h[f_monom] = {g_monom: c} for monom, c in h.items(): h[monom] = K(c) return dmp_from_dict(h, v - 1, K)
def dup_terms_gcd(f, K): """ Remove GCD of terms from ``f`` in ``K[x]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_terms_gcd >>> f = ZZ.map([1, 0, 1, 0, 0]) >>> dup_terms_gcd(f, ZZ) (2, [1, 0, 1]) """ if dup_TC(f, K) or not f: return 0, f i = 0 for c in reversed(f): if not c: i += 1 else: break return i, f[:-i]
[docs]def dmp_terms_gcd(f, u, K): """ Remove GCD of terms from ``f`` in ``K[X]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_terms_gcd >>> f = ZZ.map([[1, 0], [1, 0, 0], [], []]) >>> dmp_terms_gcd(f, 1, ZZ) ((2, 1), [[1], [1, 0]]) """ if dmp_ground_TC(f, u, K) or dmp_zero_p(f, u): return (0,)*(u + 1), f F = dmp_to_dict(f, u) G = monomial_min(*list(F.keys())) if all(g == 0 for g in G): return G, f f = {} for monom, coeff in F.items(): f[monomial_div(monom, G)] = coeff return G, dmp_from_dict(f, u, K)
def _rec_list_terms(g, v, monom): """Recursive helper for :func:`dmp_list_terms`.""" d, terms = dmp_degree(g, v), [] if not v: for i, c in enumerate(g): if not c: continue terms.append((monom + (d - i,), c)) else: w = v - 1 for i, c in enumerate(g): terms.extend(_rec_list_terms(c, w, monom + (d - i,))) return terms
[docs]def dmp_list_terms(f, u, K, order=None): """ List all non-zero terms from ``f`` in the given order ``order``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_list_terms >>> f = ZZ.map([[1, 1], [2, 3]]) >>> dmp_list_terms(f, 1, ZZ) [((1, 1), 1), ((1, 0), 1), ((0, 1), 2), ((0, 0), 3)] >>> dmp_list_terms(f, 1, ZZ, order='grevlex') [((1, 1), 1), ((1, 0), 1), ((0, 1), 2), ((0, 0), 3)] """ def sort(terms, O): return sorted(terms, key=lambda term: O(term[0]), reverse=True) terms = _rec_list_terms(f, u, ()) if not terms: return [((0,)*(u + 1), K.zero)] if order is None: return terms else: return sort(terms, monomial_key(order))
def dup_apply_pairs(f, g, h, args, K): """ Apply ``h`` to pairs of coefficients of ``f`` and ``g``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_apply_pairs >>> h = lambda x, y, z: 2*x + y - z >>> dup_apply_pairs([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1], h, (1,), ZZ) [4, 5, 6] """ n, m = len(f), len(g) if n != m: if n > m: g = [K.zero]*(n - m) + g else: f = [K.zero]*(m - n) + f result = [] for a, b in zip(f, g): result.append(h(a, b, *args)) return dup_strip(result)
[docs]def dmp_apply_pairs(f, g, h, args, u, K): """ Apply ``h`` to pairs of coefficients of ``f`` and ``g``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dmp_apply_pairs >>> h = lambda x, y, z: 2*x + y - z >>> dmp_apply_pairs([[1], [2, 3]], [[3], [2, 1]], h, (1,), 1, ZZ) [[4], [5, 6]] """ if not u: return dup_apply_pairs(f, g, h, args, K) n, m, v = len(f), len(g), u - 1 if n != m: if n > m: g = dmp_zeros(n - m, v, K) + g else: f = dmp_zeros(m - n, v, K) + f result = [] for a, b in zip(f, g): result.append(dmp_apply_pairs(a, b, h, args, v, K)) return dmp_strip(result, u)
def dup_slice(f, m, n, K): """Take a continuous subsequence of terms of ``f`` in ``K[x]``. """ k = len(f) if k >= m: M = k - m else: M = 0 if k >= n: N = k - n else: N = 0 f = f[N:M] if not f: return [] else: return f + [K.zero]*m
[docs]def dmp_slice(f, m, n, u, K): """Take a continuous subsequence of terms of ``f`` in ``K[X]``. """ return dmp_slice_in(f, m, n, 0, u, K)
def dmp_slice_in(f, m, n, j, u, K): """Take a continuous subsequence of terms of ``f`` in ``x_j`` in ``K[X]``. """ if j < 0 or j > u: raise IndexError("-%s <= j < %s expected, got %s" % (u, u, j)) if not u: return dup_slice(f, m, n, K) f, g = dmp_to_dict(f, u), {} for monom, coeff in f.items(): k = monom[j] if k < m or k >= n: monom = monom[:j] + (0,) + monom[j + 1:] if monom in g: g[monom] += coeff else: g[monom] = coeff return dmp_from_dict(g, u, K)
[docs]def dup_random(n, a, b, K): """ Return a polynomial of degree ``n`` with coefficients in ``[a, b]``. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.polys.domains import ZZ >>> from sympy.polys.densebasic import dup_random >>> dup_random(3, -10, 10, ZZ) #doctest: +SKIP [-2, -8, 9, -4] """ f = [ K.convert(random.randint(a, b)) for _ in range(0, n + 1) ] while not f[0]: f[0] = K.convert(random.randint(a, b)) return f