» Provider panos

PAN-OS® is the operating system for Palo Alto Networks® NGFWs and Panorama™. The panos provider allows you to manage various aspects of a firewall's or a Panorama's config, such as data interfaces and security policies.

Use the navigation to the left to read about the available Panorama and NGFW resources.

» Versioning

The panos provider has support for PAN-OS 6.1 - 8.1.

Some resources may contain variables that are only applicable for newer versions of PAN-OS. If this is the case, then make sure to use conditionals along with the panos_system_info data source to only set these variables when the version of PAN-OS is appropriate.

One such resource is panos_ethernet_interface and the ipv4_mss_adjust parameter. Doing the following is one way to correctly configure this parameter only when it's applicable:

data "panos_system_info" "config" {}

data "panos_ethernet_interface" "eth1" {
    name = "ethernet1/1"
    vsys = "vsys1"
    mode = "layer3"
    adjust_tcp_mss = true
    ipv4_mss_adjust = "${data.panos_system_info.config.version_major >= 8 ? 42 : 0}"
    # ...
}

» Commits

As of right now, Terraform does not provide native support for commits, so commits are handled out-of-band. Please use the following for commits:

package main

import (
    "flag"
    "log"
    "os"

    "github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/pango"
)

func main() {
    var (
        hostname, username, password, apikey, comment string
        ok bool
        err error
        job uint
    )

    log.SetFlags(log.Ldate | log.Ltime | log.Lmicroseconds)

    if hostname, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_HOSTNAME"); !ok {
        log.Fatalf("PANOS_HOSTNAME must be set")
    }
    apikey = os.Getenv("PANOS_API_KEY")
    if username, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_USERNAME"); !ok && apikey == "" {
        log.Fatalf("PANOS_USERNAME must be set if PANOS_API_KEY is unset")
    }
    if password, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_PASSWORD"); !ok && apikey == "" {
        log.Fatalf("PANOS_PASSWORD must be set if PANOS_API_KEY is unset")
    }

    flag.StringVar(&comment, "c", "", "Commit comment")
    flag.Parse()

    fw := &pango.Firewall{Client: pango.Client{
        Hostname: hostname,
        Username: username,
        Password: password,
        ApiKey: apikey,
        Logging: pango.LogOp | pango.LogAction,
    }}
    if err = fw.Initialize(); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed: %s", err)
    }

    job, err = fw.Commit(comment, true, true, false, true)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Error in commit: %s", err)
    } else if job == 0 {
        log.Printf("No commit needed")
    } else {
        log.Printf("Committed config successfully")
    }
}

Compile the above, put it somewhere in your $PATH (such as $HOME/bin), then invoke it after terraform apply and terraform destroy:

$ go get github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/pango
$ go build commit.go
$ mv commit ~/bin
$ terraform apply && commit -c 'My commit comment'

Connection information for the above is expected to be set as environment variables:

» PAN-OS API Key

API connections to PAN-OS require an API key. If you do not provide the API key to the panos provider, then the API key is generated before every single API call. Thus, some slight speed gains can be realized in the panos provider by specifying the API key instead of the username/password combo. The following may be used to generate the API key:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"

    "github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/pango"
)

func main() {
    var (
        hostname, username, password string
        ok bool
    )

    if hostname, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_HOSTNAME"); !ok {
        os.Stderr.WriteString("PANOS_HOSTNAME must be set\n")
        return
    }
    if username, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_USERNAME"); !ok {
        os.Stderr.WriteString("PANOS_USERNAME must be set\n")
        return
    }
    if password, ok = os.LookupEnv("PANOS_PASSWORD"); !ok {
        os.Stderr.WriteString("PANOS_PASSWORD must be set\n")
        return
    }

    fw := &pango.Firewall{Client: pango.Client{
        Hostname: hostname,
        Username: username,
        Password: password,
        Logging: pango.LogQuiet,
    }}
    if err := fw.Initialize(); err != nil {
        os.Stderr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Failed initialize: %s\n", err))
        return
    }
    os.Stdout.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", fw.ApiKey))
}

Then execute it like this:

$ go get github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/pango
$ go run make_api_key.go

The API key is output to stdout, but you can redirect this to a file using normal shell redirection if desired:

$ go run make_api_key.go > my_api_key.txt

Connection information for the above is expected to be set as environment variables:

» AWS / GCP Considerations

There are a few types of PAN-OS VMs available to bring up in AWS. Both these VMs as well as the ones that can be deployed in Google Cloud Platform are different in that the admin password is unset, but it has an SSH key associated with it. As the panos Terraform provider package authenticates via username/password, an initialization step of configuring a password using the given SSH key is required. Right now, this initialization step requires manual intervention; the user must download this SSH key, at which point the following may be used to automate this initialization:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "io/ioutil"
    "os"
    "regexp"
    "strings"
    "time"

    "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
)

// Various prompts.
var (
    P1 *regexp.Regexp
    P2 *regexp.Regexp
    P3 *regexp.Regexp
)

func init() {
    P1 = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\._\-]+@[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\._\-]+> `)
    P2 = regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\._\-]+@[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\._\-]+# `)
    P3 = regexp.MustCompile(`(Enter|Confirm) password\s+:\s+?`)
}

// Globals to handle I/O.
var (
    stdin io.Writer
    stdout io.Reader
    buf [65 * 1024]byte
)

// ReadTo reads from stdout until the desired prompt is encountered.
func ReadTo(prompt *regexp.Regexp) (string, error) {
    var i int

    for {
        n, err := stdout.Read(buf[i:])
        if n > 0 {
            os.Stdout.Write(buf[i:i + n])
        }
        if err != nil {
            return "", err
        }
        i += n
        if prompt.Find(buf[:i]) != nil {
            return string(buf[:i]), nil
        }
    }
}

// Perform user initialization.
func panosInit() error {
    var err error

    // Load environment variables.
    hostname := os.Getenv("PANOS_HOSTNAME")
    username := os.Getenv("PANOS_USERNAME")
    password := os.Getenv("PANOS_PASSWORD")

    // Sanity check input.
    if len(os.Args) == 1 || os.Args[1] == "-h" || os.Args[1] == "--help" || hostname == "" || username == "" || password == "" {
        u := []string{
            fmt.Sprintf("Usage: %s <key_file>", os.Args[0]),
            "",
            "This will connect to a PAN-OS NGFW and perform initial config:",
            "",
            " * Adds the user as a superuser (if not the admin user)",
            " * Sets the user's password",
            " * Commit",
            "",
            "The following environment variables are required:",
            "",
            " * PANOS_HOSTNAME",
            " * PANOS_USERNAME",
            " * PANOS_PASSWORD",
        }
        for i := range u {
            fmt.Printf("%s\n", u[i])
        }
        os.Exit(0)
    }

    // Read in the ssh key file.
    data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(os.Args[1])
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("Failed to read SSH key file %q: %s", os.Args[1], err)
    }

    signer, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(data)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("Failed to parse private key: %s", err)
    }

    useSshKey := ssh.PublicKeys(signer)

    // Configure and open the ssh connection.
    config := &ssh.ClientConfig{
        User: "admin",
        Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{
            useSshKey,
        },
        HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
    }

    client, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:22", hostname), config)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("Failed dial: %s", err)
    }
    defer client.Close()

    session, err := client.NewSession()
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("Failed to create session: %s", err)
    }
    defer session.Close()

    modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
        ssh.ECHO: 0,
        ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
        ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
    }

    if err = session.RequestPty("vt100", 80, 80, modes); err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("pty request failed: %s", err)
    }

    // Get input/output pipes for the ssh connection.
    stdin, err = session.StdinPipe()
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("setup stdin err: %s", err)
    }

    stdout, err = session.StdoutPipe()
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("setup stdout err: %s", err)
    }

    // Invoke a shell on the remote host.
    if err = session.Start("/bin/sh"); err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("failed session.Start: %s", err)
    }

    // Perform initial config.
    ok := true
    commands := []struct{
        Send string
        Expect *regexp.Regexp
        Validation string
        OmitIfAdmin bool
    }{
        {"", P1, "", false},
        {"set cli pager off", P1, "", false},
        {"show system info", P1, "", false},
        {"configure", P2, "", false},
        {fmt.Sprintf("set mgt-config users %s permissions role-based superuser yes", username), P2, "", true},
        {fmt.Sprintf("set mgt-config users %s password", username), P3, "", false},
        {password, P3, "", false},
        {password, P2, "", false},
        {"commit description 'initial config'", P2, "Configuration committed successfully", false},
        {"exit", P1, "", false},
        {"exit", nil, "", false},
    }

    for _, cmd := range commands {
        if cmd.OmitIfAdmin && username == "admin" {
            continue
        }
        if cmd.Send != "" {
            stdin.Write([]byte(cmd.Send + "\n"))
        }
        if cmd.Expect != nil {
            out, err := ReadTo(cmd.Expect)
            if err != nil {
                return fmt.Errorf("Error in %q: %s", cmd.Send, err)
            }
            if cmd.Validation != "" {
                ok = ok && strings.Contains(out, cmd.Validation)
            }
            // Delay slightly before sending passwords.
            if cmd.Expect == P3 {
                time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
            }
        } else {
            fmt.Printf("exit\n")
            session.Wait()
        }
    }

    // Completed successfully.
    return nil
}

func main() {
    if err := panosInit(); err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("\nFailed initial config: %s\n", err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    fmt.Printf("\nConfig initialization successful")
}

Compile the above, put it somewhere in your $PATH (such as $HOME/bin), then invoke it after the device is accessible in AWS:

$ go get golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
$ go build panos_init.go
$ mv panos_init ~/bin
$ panos_init my_ssh_key.pem

The API key is expected to be given as the first param, while the hostname is retrieved from the following environment variable:

The username and password are expected to be in the following environment variables:

If PANOS_USERNAME is set to admin, then the above will skip the step that creates the account, as the admin account already exists.

» Importing Resources

Many resources support being imported. Any resource that supports terraform import will have a "Import Name" section in the documentation. The variables given in this section directly match up with the resource params you would specify in your plan file. Thus if you were importing an ethernet interface whose import name is <vsys>:<name>, your import name would be something like vsys1:ethernet1/1.

Of special note is the Panorama resources. The templated resources often have both the template and the template stack in the resource name, however only one of these can ever be present. Thus, the one that isn't being used should just be an empty string. For example, if you were trying to import a Panorama IPv4 static route whose import name is <template>:<template_stack>:<virtual_router>:<name> that resides in a template, your import name would be something like myTemplate::myVirtualRouter:myStaticRouteName.

» Example Provider Usage 

# Configure the panos provider
provider "panos" {
    hostname = "127.0.0.1"
    username = "admin"
    password = "secret"
}

# Add a new zone to the firewall
resource "panos_zone" "zone1" {
    # ...
}

» Argument Reference

The following arguments are supported:

  • hostname - (Optional) This is the hostname / IP address of the firewall. It must be provided, but can also be defined via the PANOS_HOSTNAME environment variable.
  • username - (Optional) The username to authenticate to the firewall as. It must be provided, but can also be defined via the PANOS_USERNAME environment variable.
  • password - (Optional) The password for the given username. It must be provided, but can also be defined via the PANOS_PASSWORD environment variable.
  • api_key - (Optional) The API key for the firewall. If this is given, then the username and password settings are ignored. This can also be defined via the PANOS_API_KEY environment variable.
  • protocol - (Optional) The communication protocol. This can be set to either https or http. If left unspecified, this defaults to https.
  • port - (Optional) If the port number is non-standard for the desired protocol, then the port number to use.
  • timeout - (Optional) The timeout for all communications with the firewall. If left unspecified, this will be set to 10 seconds.
  • logging - (Optional) List of logging options for the provider's connection to the API. If this is unspecified, then it defaults to ["action", "uid"].
  • json_config_file - (Optional) The path to a JSON configuration file that contains any number of the provider's parameters. If specified, the params present act as a last resort for any other provider param that has not been specified yet.

The list of strings supported for logging are as follows:

  • quiet - Disables logging. This is ignored, however, if other logging flags are present.
  • action - Log set / edit / delete.
  • query - Log get.
  • op - Log op.
  • uid - Log user-id envocations.
  • xpath - Log the XPATH associated with various actions.
  • send - Log the raw request sent to the device. This is probably only useful in development of the provider itself.
  • receive - Log the raw response sent back from the device. This is probably only useful in development of the provider itself.

» Support

This template/solution are released under an as-is, best effort, support policy. These scripts should be seen as community supported and Palo Alto Networks will contribute our expertise as and when possible. We do not provide technical support or help in using or troubleshooting the components of the project through our normal support options such as Palo Alto Networks support teams, or ASC (Authorized Support Centers) partners and backline support options. The underlying product used (the VM-Series firewall) by the scripts or templates are still supported, but the support is only for the product functionality and not for help in deploying or using the template or script itself. Unless explicitly tagged, all projects or work posted in our GitHub repository (at https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks) or sites other than our official Downloads page on https://support.paloaltonetworks.com are provided under the best effort policy.