The GNU C Library: I/O on Streams

12 Input/Output on Streams

This chapter describes the functions for creating streams and performing input and output operations on them. As discussed in I/O Overview, a stream is a fairly abstract, high-level concept representing a communications channel to a file, device, or process.

• Streams:		About the data type representing a stream.
• Standard Streams:		Streams to the standard input and output devices are created for you.
• Opening Streams:		How to create a stream to talk to a file.
• Closing Streams:		Close a stream when you are finished with it.
• Streams and Threads:		Issues with streams in threaded programs.
• Streams and I18N:		Streams in internationalized applications.
• Simple Output:		Unformatted output by characters and lines.
• Character Input:		Unformatted input by characters and words.
• Line Input:		Reading a line or a record from a stream.
• Unreading:		Peeking ahead/pushing back input just read.
• Block Input/Output:		Input and output operations on blocks of data.
• Formatted Output:		`printf` and related functions.
• Customizing Printf:		You can define new conversion specifiers for `printf` and friends.
• Formatted Input:		`scanf` and related functions.
• EOF and Errors:		How you can tell if an I/O error happens.
• Error Recovery:		What you can do about errors.
• Binary Streams:		Some systems distinguish between text files and binary files.
• File Positioning:		About random-access streams.
• Portable Positioning:		Random access on peculiar ISO C systems.
• Stream Buffering:		How to control buffering of streams.
• Other Kinds of Streams:		Streams that do not necessarily correspond to an open file.
• Formatted Messages:		Print strictly formatted messages.