std::atomic_fetch_add, std::atomic_fetch_add_explicit

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

 

Atomic operations library

Types

atomic (C++11)

atomic_is_lock_free (C++11)

Functions

atomic_storeatomic_store_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_loadatomic_load_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_compare_exchange_weakatomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicitatomic_compare_exchange_strongatomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

atomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_fetch_oratomic_fetch_or_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

Atomic flags

atomic_flag (C++11)

atomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

atomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicit (C++11)(C++11)

Initialization

atomic_init (C++11)

ATOMIC_VAR_INIT (C++11)

ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT (C++11)

Memory ordering

memory_order (C++11)

kill_dependency (C++11)

atomic_thread_fence (C++11)

atomic_signal_fence (C++11)

 

Defined in header <atomic>
	(1)	(since C++11)
template< class Integral > Integral atomic_fetch_add( std::atomic<Integral>* obj, Integral arg );
template< class Integral > Integral atomic_fetch_add( volatile std::atomic<Integral>* obj, Integral arg );
			(2)	(since C++11)
template< class Integral > Integral atomic_fetch_add_explicit( std::atomic<Integral>* obj, Integral arg,                                     std::memory_order order );
template< class Integral > Integral atomic_fetch_add_explicit( volatile std::atomic<Integral>* obj, Integral arg,                                     std::memory_order order );
					(3)	(since C++11)
template< class T > T* atomic_fetch_add( std::atomic<T*>* obj, std::ptrdiff_t arg );
template< class T > T* atomic_fetch_add( volatile std::atomic<T*>* obj, std::ptrdiff_t arg );
							(4)	(since C++11)
template< class T > T* atomic_fetch_add_explicit( std::atomic<T*>* obj, std::ptrdiff_t arg,                               std::memory_order order );
template< class T > T* atomic_fetch_add_explicit( volatile std::atomic<T*>* obj, std::ptrdiff_t arg,                               std::memory_order order );

Performs atomic addition.

1-2) Atomically adds arg to the value pointed to by obj and returns the value obj held previously. The operation is performed as if the following was executed:

1) obj->fetch_add(arg)

2) obj->fetch_add(arg, order)

3-4) Atomically increments the pointer value, pointed to by obj, by arg, and returns the value obj held previously. The operation is performed as if the following was executed:

3) obj->fetch_add(arg)

4) obj->fetch_add(arg, order)

Parameters

obj	-	pointer to the atomic object to modify
arg	-	the value to add to the value stored in the atomic object
order	-	the memory sycnhronization ordering for this operation: all values are permitted.

Return value

The value immediately preceding the effects of this function in the modification order of *obj.

Exceptions

noexcept specification:  

noexcept

  

Possible implementation

First version
template< class T > typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, T>::type atomic_fetch_add( std::atomic<T>* obj, T arg ); { return obj->fetch_add(arg); }
Second version
template< class T > T* atomic_fetch_add( std::atomic<T*>* obj, std::ptrdiff_t arg) { return obj->fetch_add(arg); }

Example

Single-writer/multiple-reader lock can be made with fetch_add. Note that this simplistic implementation is not lockout-free

Run this code

#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
 
// meaning of cnt:
// 10: there are no active readers or writers.
// 1...9: there are 9...1 readers active, The writer is blocked
// 0: temporary value between fetch_sub and fetch_add in reader lock
// -1: there is a writer active. The readers are blocked.
const int N = 10; // nine concurrent readers are allowed
std::atomic<int> cnt = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(N);
 
std::vector<int> data;
 
void reader(int id)
{
    for(;;)
    {
        // lock
        while(std::atomic_fetch_sub(&cnt, 1) <= 0)
            std::atomic_fetch_add(&cnt, 1);
        // read
        if(!data.empty())
            std::cout << (  "reader " + std::to_string(id)
                          + " sees " + std::to_string(*data.rbegin()) + '\n');
        if(data.size() == 100)
            break;
        // unlock
        std::atomic_fetch_add(&cnt, 1);
        // pause
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
    }
}
 
void writer()
{
    for(int n = 0; n < 100; ++n)
    {
        // lock
        while(std::atomic_fetch_sub(&cnt, N+1) != N)
            std::atomic_fetch_add(&cnt, N+1);
        // write
        data.push_back(n);
        std::cout << "writer pushed back " << n << '\n';
        // unlock
        std::atomic_fetch_add(&cnt, N+1);
        // pause
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<std::thread> v;
    for (int n = 0; n < N; ++n) {
        v.emplace_back(reader, n);
    }
    v.emplace_back(writer);
    for (auto& t : v) {
        t.join();
    }
}

Output:

writer pushed back 0
reader 8 sees 0
reader 3 sees 0
reader 1 sees 0
<...>
reader 2 sees 99
reader 6 sees 99
reader 1 sees 99

See also

fetch_add	atomically adds the argument to the value stored in the atomic object and obtains the value held previously (public member function of std::atomic)
atomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicit (C++11)(C++11)	subtracts a non-atomic value from an atomic object and obtains the previous value of the atomic (function template)
C documentation for atomic_fetch_add, atomic_fetch_add_explicit