std::declval

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

 

Utilities library

Type support (basic types, RTTI, type traits)

Dynamic memory management

Error handling

Program utilities

Variadic functions

Date and time

Function objects

initializer_list (C++11)

bitset

hash (C++11)

Relational operators

rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>=

Optional and any

optional (C++17)

any (C++17)

Pairs and tuples

pair

tuple (C++11)

apply (C++17)

piecewise_construct_t (C++11)

piecewise_construct (C++11)

integer_sequence (C++14)

Swap, forward and move

swap

exchange (C++14)

forward (C++11)

move (C++11)

move_if_noexcept (C++11)

Type operations

declval (C++11)

as_const (C++17)

 

Defined in header <utility>
template<class T> typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval();		(since C++11)

Converts any type T to a reference type, making it possible to use member functions in decltype expressions without the need to go through constructors.

declval is commonly used in templates where acceptable template parameters may have no constructor in common, but have the same member function whose return type is needed.

Note that because no definition exists for declval, it can only be used in unevaluated contexts; it is an error to evaluate an expression that contains this function. Formally, the program is ill-formed if this function is odr-used.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

Cannot be called and thus never returns a value. The return type is T&& unless T is (possibly cv-qualified) void, in which case the return type is T.

Exceptions

noexcept specification:  

noexcept

  

Example

Run this code

#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
 
struct Default { int foo() const { return 1; } };
 
struct NonDefault
{
    NonDefault(const NonDefault&) { }
    int foo() const { return 1; }
};
 
int main()
{
    decltype(Default().foo()) n1 = 1;                   // type of n1 is int
//  decltype(NonDefault().foo()) n2 = n1;               // error: no default constructor
    decltype(std::declval<NonDefault>().foo()) n2 = n1; // type of n2 is int
    std::cout << "n1 = " << n1 << '\n'
              << "n2 = " << n2 << '\n';
}

Output:

n1 = 1
n2 = 1

See also

decltype specifier	defines a type equivalent to the type of an expression (C++11)
result_of (C++11)	deduces the return type of a function call expression (class template)