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The value of this variable is the default output stream—the stream that print functions use when the stream argument is
nil
. The default ist
, meaning display in the echo area.
If this is non-
nil
, that means to print quoted forms using abbreviated reader syntax, e.g.,(quote foo)
prints as'foo
, and(function foo)
as#'foo
.
If this variable is non-
nil
, then newline characters in strings are printed as ‘\n’ and formfeeds are printed as ‘\f’. Normally these characters are printed as actual newlines and formfeeds.This variable affects the print functions
prin1
andprinc
. Here is an example usingprin1
:(prin1 "a\nb") -| "a -| b" ⇒ "a b" (let ((print-escape-newlines t)) (prin1 "a\nb")) -| "a\nb" ⇒ "a b"In the second expression, the local binding of
print-escape-newlines
is in effect during the call toprin1
, but not during the printing of the result.
If this variable is non-
nil
, control characters in strings are printed as backslash sequences by the print functionsprin1
andprint-escape-newlines
are both non-nil
, the latter takes precedences for newlines and formfeeds.
If this variable is non-
nil
, then unibyte non-ASCII characters in strings are unconditionally printed as backslash sequences by the print functionsprin1
andThose functions also use backslash sequences for unibyte non-ASCII characters, regardless of the value of this variable, when the output stream is a multibyte buffer or a marker pointing into one.
If this variable is non-
nil
, then multibyte non-ASCII characters in strings are unconditionally printed as backslash sequences by the print functionsprin1
andThose functions also use backslash sequences for multibyte non-ASCII characters, regardless of the value of this variable, when the output stream is a unibyte buffer or a marker pointing into one.
The value of this variable is the maximum number of elements to print in any list, vector or bool-vector. If an object being printed has more than this many elements, it is abbreviated with an ellipsis.
If the value is
nil
(the default), then there is no limit.(setq print-length 2) ⇒ 2 (print '(1 2 3 4 5)) -| (1 2 ...) ⇒ (1 2 ...)
The value of this variable is the maximum depth of nesting of parentheses and brackets when printed. Any list or vector at a depth exceeding this limit is abbreviated with an ellipsis. A value of
nil
(which is the default) means no limit.
These are the values for
print-length
andprint-level
used byeval-expression
, and thus, indirectly, by many interactive evaluation commands (see Evaluating Emacs-Lisp Expressions).
These variables are used for detecting and reporting circular and shared structure:
If non-
nil
, this variable enables detection of circular and shared structure in printing. See Circular Objects.
If non-
nil
, this variable enables detection of uninterned symbols (see Creating Symbols) in printing. When this is enabled, uninterned symbols print with the prefix ‘#:’, which tells the Lisp reader to produce an uninterned symbol.
If non-
nil
, that means number continuously across print calls. This affects the numbers printed for ‘#n=’ labels and ‘#m#’ references. Don't set this variable withsetq
; you should only bind it temporarily tot
withlet
. When you do that, you should also bindprint-number-table
tonil
.
This variable holds a vector used internally by printing to implement the
print-circle
feature. You should not use it except to bind it tonil
when you bindprint-continuous-numbering
.
This variable specifies how to print floating-point numbers. The default is
nil
, meaning use the shortest output that represents the number without losing information.To control output format more precisely, you can put a string in this variable. The string should hold a ‘%’-specification to be used in the C function
sprintf
. For further restrictions on what you can use, see the variable's documentation string.