DS.RESTAdapter Class addon/adapters/rest.js:22
The REST adapter allows your store to communicate with an HTTP server by transmitting JSON via XHR. Most Ember.js apps that consume a JSON API should use the REST adapter.
This adapter is designed around the idea that the JSON exchanged with the server should be conventional.
Success and failure
The REST adapter will consider a success any response with a status code of the 2xx family ("Success"), as well as 304 ("Not Modified"). Any other status code will be considered a failure.
On success, the request promise will be resolved with the full response payload.
Failed responses with status code 422 ("Unprocessable Entity") will be
considered "invalid". The response will be discarded, except for the
errors
key. The request promise will be rejected with a DS.InvalidError
.
This error object will encapsulate the saved errors
value.
Any other status codes will be treated as an "adapter error". The request
promise will be rejected, similarly to the "invalid" case, but with
an instance of DS.AdapterError
instead.
JSON Structure
The REST adapter expects the JSON returned from your server to follow these conventions.
Object Root
The JSON payload should be an object that contains the record inside a
root property. For example, in response to a GET
request for
/posts/1
, the JSON should look like this:
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{ "post": { "id": 1, "title": "I'm Running to Reform the W3C's Tag", "author": "Yehuda Katz" } } |
Similarly, in response to a GET
request for /posts
, the JSON should
look like this:
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{ "posts": [ { "id": 1, "title": "I'm Running to Reform the W3C's Tag", "author": "Yehuda Katz" }, { "id": 2, "title": "Rails is omakase", "author": "D2H" } ] } |
Note that the object root can be pluralized for both a single-object response
and an array response: the REST adapter is not strict on this. Further, if the
HTTP server responds to a GET
request to /posts/1
(e.g. the response to a
findRecord
query) with more than one object in the array, Ember Data will
only display the object with the matching ID.
Conventional Names
Attribute names in your JSON payload should be the camelCased versions of the attributes in your Ember.js models.
For example, if you have a Person
model:
app/models/person.js | |
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import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.Model.extend({ firstName: DS.attr('string'), lastName: DS.attr('string'), occupation: DS.attr('string') }); |
The JSON returned should look like this:
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{ "person": { "id": 5, "firstName": "Barack", "lastName": "Obama", "occupation": "President" } } |
Errors
If a response is considered a failure, the JSON payload is expected to include
a top-level key errors
, detailing any specific issues. For example:
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{ "errors": { "msg": "Something went wrong" } } |
This adapter does not make any assumptions as to the format of the errors
object. It will simply be passed along as is, wrapped in an instance
of DS.InvalidError
or DS.AdapterError
. The serializer can interpret it
afterwards.
Customization
Endpoint path customization
Endpoint paths can be prefixed with a namespace
by setting the namespace
property on the adapter:
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ namespace: 'api/1' }); |
Requests for the Person
model would now target /api/1/people/1
.
Host customization
An adapter can target other hosts by setting the host
property.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ host: 'https://api.example.com' }); |
Headers customization
Some APIs require HTTP headers, e.g. to provide an API key. Arbitrary
headers can be set as key/value pairs on the RESTAdapter
's headers
object and Ember Data will send them along with each ajax request.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ headers: { "API_KEY": "secret key", "ANOTHER_HEADER": "Some header value" } }); |
headers
can also be used as a computed property to support dynamic
headers. In the example below, the session
object has been
injected into an adapter by Ember's container.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ headers: Ember.computed('session.authToken', function() { return { "API_KEY": this.get("session.authToken"), "ANOTHER_HEADER": "Some header value" }; }) }); |
In some cases, your dynamic headers may require data from some
object outside of Ember's observer system (for example
document.cookie
). You can use the
volatile
function to set the property into a non-cached mode causing the headers to
be recomputed with every request.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ headers: Ember.computed(function() { return { "API_KEY": Ember.get(document.cookie.match(/apiKey\=([^;]*)/), "1"), "ANOTHER_HEADER": "Some header value" }; }).volatile() }); |
Methods
- _ajaxRequest
- _buildURL
- ajax
- ajaxOptions
- buildURL
- createRecord
- deleteRecord
- findAll
- findBelongsTo
- findHasMany
- findMany
- findRecord
- generateIdForRecord
- generatedDetailedMessage
- groupRecordsForFindMany
- handleResponse
- isInvalid
- isSuccess
- normalizeErrorResponse
- parseErrorResponse
- pathForType
- query
- queryRecord
- serialize
- shouldBackgroundReloadAll
- shouldBackgroundReloadRecord
- shouldReloadAll
- shouldReloadRecord
- sortQueryParams
- updateRecord
- urlForCreateRecord
- urlForDeleteRecord
- urlForFindAll
- urlForFindBelongTo
- urlForFindHasMany
- urlForFindMany
- urlForFindRecord
- urlForQuery
- urlForQueryRecord
- urlForUpdateRecord
- urlPrefix
Properties
_ajaxRequest
(options)
private
Parameters:
- options Object
- jQuery ajax options to be used for the ajax request
_buildURL
(modelName, id)
String
private
Parameters:
- modelName String
- id String
Returns:
- String
- url
ajax
(url, type, options)
Promise
private
Takes a URL, an HTTP method and a hash of data, and makes an HTTP request.
When the server responds with a payload, Ember Data will call into extractSingle
or extractArray
(depending on whether the original query was for one record or
many records).
By default, ajax
method has the following behavior:
- It sets the response
dataType
to"json"
- If the HTTP method is not
"GET"
, it sets theContent-Type
to beapplication/json; charset=utf-8
- If the HTTP method is not
"GET"
, it stringifies the data passed in. The data is the serialized record in the case of a save. - Registers success and failure handlers.
Parameters:
- url String
- type String
- The request type GET, POST, PUT, DELETE etc.
- options Object
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
ajaxOptions
(url, type, options)
Object
private
Parameters:
- url String
- type String
- The request type GET, POST, PUT, DELETE etc.
- options Object
Returns:
- Object
buildURL
(modelName, id, snapshot, requestType, query)
String
Builds a URL for a given type and optional ID.
By default, it pluralizes the type's name (for example, 'post' becomes 'posts' and 'person' becomes 'people'). To override the pluralization see pathForType.
If an ID is specified, it adds the ID to the path generated
for the type, separated by a /
.
When called by RESTAdapter.findMany() the id
and snapshot
parameters
will be arrays of ids and snapshots.
Parameters:
- modelName String
- id (String|Array|Object)
- single id or array of ids or query
- snapshot (DS.Snapshot|Array)
- single snapshot or array of snapshots
- requestType String
- query Object
- object of query parameters to send for query requests.
Returns:
- String
- url
createRecord
(store, type, snapshot)
Promise
Called by the store when a newly created record is
saved via the save
method on a model record instance.
The createRecord
method serializes the record and makes an Ajax (HTTP POST) request
to a URL computed by buildURL
.
See serialize
for information on how to customize the serialized form
of a record.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- type DS.Model
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
deleteRecord
(store, type, snapshot)
Promise
Called by the store when a record is deleted.
The deleteRecord
method makes an Ajax (HTTP DELETE) request to a URL computed by buildURL
.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- type DS.Model
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
findAll
(store, type, sinceToken, snapshotRecordArray)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch a JSON array for all of the records for a given type.
The findAll
method makes an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to a URL computed by buildURL
, and returns a
promise for the resulting payload.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- type DS.Model
- sinceToken String
- snapshotRecordArray DS.SnapshotRecordArray
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
findBelongsTo
(store, snapshot, url)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch the JSON for the unloaded record in a
belongs-to relationship that was originally specified as a URL (inside of
links
).
For example, if your original payload looks like this:
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{ "person": { "id": 1, "name": "Tom Dale", "links": { "group": "/people/1/group" } } } |
This method will be called with the parent record and /people/1/group
.
The findBelongsTo
method will make an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to the originally specified URL.
The format of your links
value will influence the final request URL via the urlPrefix
method:
Links beginning with
//
,http://
,https://
, will be used as is, with no further manipulation.Links beginning with a single
/
will have the current adapter'shost
value prepended to it.Links with no beginning
/
will have a parentURL prepended to it, via the current adapter'sbuildURL
.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
- url String
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
findHasMany
(store, snapshot, url)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch a JSON array for
the unloaded records in a has-many relationship that were originally
specified as a URL (inside of links
).
For example, if your original payload looks like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
{ "post": { "id": 1, "title": "Rails is omakase", "links": { "comments": "/posts/1/comments" } } } |
This method will be called with the parent record and /posts/1/comments
.
The findHasMany
method will make an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to the originally specified URL.
The format of your links
value will influence the final request URL via the urlPrefix
method:
Links beginning with
//
,http://
,https://
, will be used as is, with no further manipulation.Links beginning with a single
/
will have the current adapter'shost
value prepended to it.Links with no beginning
/
will have a parentURL prepended to it, via the current adapter'sbuildURL
.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
- url String
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
findMany
(store, type, ids, snapshots)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch several records together if coalesceFindRequests
is true
For example, if the original payload looks like:
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{ "id": 1, "title": "Rails is omakase", "comments": [ 1, 2, 3 ] } |
The IDs will be passed as a URL-encoded Array of IDs, in this form:
1 |
ids[]=1&ids[]=2&ids[]=3 |
Many servers, such as Rails and PHP, will automatically convert this URL-encoded array into an Array for you on the server-side. If you want to encode the IDs, differently, just override this (one-line) method.
The findMany
method makes an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to a URL computed by buildURL
, and returns a
promise for the resulting payload.
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
findRecord
(store, type, id, snapshot)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch the JSON for a given type and ID.
The findRecord
method makes an Ajax request to a URL computed by
buildURL
, and returns a promise for the resulting payload.
This method performs an HTTP GET
request with the id provided as part of the query string.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- type DS.Model
- id String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
generateIdForRecord
(store, type, inputProperties)
(String|Number)
If the globally unique IDs for your records should be generated on the client,
implement the generateIdForRecord()
method. This method will be invoked
each time you create a new record, and the value returned from it will be
assigned to the record's primaryKey
.
Most traditional REST-like HTTP APIs will not use this method. Instead, the ID
of the record will be set by the server, and your adapter will update the store
with the new ID when it calls didCreateRecord()
. Only implement this method if
you intend to generate record IDs on the client-side.
The generateIdForRecord()
method will be invoked with the requesting store as
the first parameter and the newly created record as the second parameter:
1 2 3 4 |
generateIdForRecord: function(store, inputProperties) { var uuid = App.generateUUIDWithStatisticallyLowOddsOfCollision(); return uuid; } |
Parameters:
Returns:
- (String|Number)
- id
generatedDetailedMessage
(status, headers, payload, requestData)
String
private
Generates a detailed ("friendly") error message, with plenty of information for debugging (good luck!)
Parameters:
- status Number
- headers Object
- payload Object
- requestData Object
Returns:
- String
- detailed error message
groupRecordsForFindMany
(store, snapshots)
Array
Organize records into groups, each of which is to be passed to separate
calls to findMany
.
This implementation groups together records that have the same base URL but
differing ids. For example /comments/1
and /comments/2
will be grouped together
because we know findMany can coalesce them together as /comments?ids[]=1&ids[]=2
It also supports urls where ids are passed as a query param, such as /comments?id=1
but not those where there is more than 1 query param such as /comments?id=2&name=David
Currently only the query param of id
is supported. If you need to support others, please
override this or the _stripIDFromURL
method.
It does not group records that have differing base urls, such as for example: /posts/1/comments/2
and /posts/2/comments/3
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshots Array
Returns:
- Array
- an array of arrays of records, each of which is to be loaded separately by `findMany`.
handleResponse
(status, headers, payload, requestData)
Object | DS.AdapterError
Takes an ajax response, and returns the json payload or an error.
By default this hook just returns the json payload passed to it. You might want to override it in two cases:
Your API might return useful results in the response headers. Response headers are passed in as the second argument.
Your API might return errors as successful responses with status code 200 and an Errors text or object. You can return a
DS.InvalidError
or aDS.AdapterError
(or a sub class) from this hook and it will automatically reject the promise and put your record into the invalid or error state.
Returning a DS.InvalidError
from this method will cause the
record to transition into the invalid
state and make the
errors
object available on the record. When returning an
DS.InvalidError
the store will attempt to normalize the error data
returned from the server using the serializer's extractErrors
method.
Parameters:
- status Number
- headers Object
- payload Object
- requestData Object
- - the original request information
Returns:
- Object | DS.AdapterError
- response
isInvalid
(status, headers, payload)
Boolean
Default handleResponse
implementation uses this hook to decide if the
response is a an invalid error.
Parameters:
- status Number
- headers Object
- payload Object
Returns:
- Boolean
isSuccess
(status, headers, payload)
Boolean
Default handleResponse
implementation uses this hook to decide if the
response is a success.
Parameters:
- status Number
- headers Object
- payload Object
Returns:
- Boolean
normalizeErrorResponse
(status, headers, payload)
Array
private
Parameters:
- status Number
- headers Object
- payload Object
Returns:
- Array
- errors payload
parseErrorResponse
(responseText)
Object
private
Parameters:
- responseText String
Returns:
- Object
pathForType
(modelName)
String
Determines the pathname for a given type.
By default, it pluralizes the type's name (for example, 'post' becomes 'posts' and 'person' becomes 'people').
Pathname customization
For example if you have an object LineItem with an endpoint of "/line_items/".
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ pathForType: function(modelName) { var decamelized = Ember.String.decamelize(modelName); return Ember.String.pluralize(decamelized); } }); |
Parameters:
- modelName String
Returns:
- String
- path
query
(store, type, query)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch a JSON array for the records that match a particular query.
The query
method makes an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to a URL
computed by buildURL
, and returns a promise for the resulting
payload.
The query
argument is a simple JavaScript object that will be passed directly
to the server as parameters.
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
queryRecord
(store, type, query)
Promise
Called by the store in order to fetch a JSON object for the record that matches a particular query.
The queryRecord
method makes an Ajax (HTTP GET) request to a URL
computed by buildURL
, and returns a promise for the resulting
payload.
The query
argument is a simple JavaScript object that will be passed directly
to the server as parameters.
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
serialize
(snapshot, options)
Object
Proxies to the serializer's serialize
method.
Example
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.Adapter.extend({ createRecord: function(store, type, snapshot) { var data = this.serialize(snapshot, { includeId: true }); var url = type; // ... } }); |
Parameters:
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
- options Object
Returns:
- Object
- serialized snapshot
shouldBackgroundReloadAll
(store, snapshotRecordArray)
Boolean
This method is used by the store to determine if the store should
reload a record array after the store.findAll
method resolves
with a cached record array.
This method is only checked by the store when the store is returning a cached record array.
If this method returns true the store will re-fetch all records from the adapter.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshotRecordArray DS.SnapshotRecordArray
Returns:
- Boolean
shouldBackgroundReloadRecord
(store, snapshot)
Boolean
This method is used by the store to determine if the store should
reload a record after the store.findRecord
method resolves a
cached record.
This method is only checked by the store when the store is returning a cached record.
If this method returns true the store will re-fetch a record from the adapter.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Boolean
shouldReloadAll
(store, snapshotRecordArray)
Boolean
This method is used by the store to determine if the store should
reload all records from the adapter when records are requested by
store.findAll
.
If this method returns true, the store will re-fetch all records from the adapter. If this method returns false, the store will resolve immediately using the cached record.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshotRecordArray DS.SnapshotRecordArray
Returns:
- Boolean
shouldReloadRecord
(store, snapshot)
Boolean
This method is used by the store to determine if the store should
reload a record from the adapter when a record is requested by
store.findRecord
.
If this method returns true, the store will re-fetch a record from the adapter. If this method returns false, the store will resolve immediately using the cached record.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Boolean
sortQueryParams
(obj)
Object
By default, the RESTAdapter will send the query params sorted alphabetically to the server.
For example:
1 |
store.query('posts', { sort: 'price', category: 'pets' }); |
will generate a requests like this /posts?category=pets&sort=price
, even if the
parameters were specified in a different order.
That way the generated URL will be deterministic and that simplifies caching mechanisms in the backend.
Setting sortQueryParams
to a falsey value will respect the original order.
In case you want to sort the query parameters with a different criteria, set
sortQueryParams
to your custom sort function.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ sortQueryParams: function(params) { var sortedKeys = Object.keys(params).sort().reverse(); var len = sortedKeys.length, newParams = {}; for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) { newParams[sortedKeys[i]] = params[sortedKeys[i]]; } return newParams; } }); |
Parameters:
- obj Object
Returns:
- Object
updateRecord
(store, type, snapshot)
Promise
Called by the store when an existing record is saved
via the save
method on a model record instance.
The updateRecord
method serializes the record and makes an Ajax (HTTP PUT) request
to a URL computed by buildURL
.
See serialize
for information on how to customize the serialized form
of a record.
Parameters:
- store DS.Store
- type DS.Model
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- Promise
- promise
urlForCreateRecord
(modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForDeleteRecord
(id, modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- id String
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForFindAll
(modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.SnapshotRecordArray
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForFindBelongTo
(id, modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- id String
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForFindHasMany
(id, modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- id String
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForFindMany
(ids, modelName, snapshots)
String
Parameters:
- ids Array
- modelName String
- snapshots Array
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForFindRecord
(id, modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- id String
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForQuery
(query, modelName)
String
Parameters:
- query Object
- modelName String
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForQueryRecord
(query, modelName)
String
Parameters:
- query Object
- modelName String
Returns:
- String
- url
urlForUpdateRecord
(id, modelName, snapshot)
String
Parameters:
- id String
- modelName String
- snapshot DS.Snapshot
Returns:
- String
- url
urlPrefix
(path, parentURL)
String
private
Parameters:
- path String
- parentURL String
Returns:
- String
- urlPrefix
coalesceFindRequests
{boolean}
By default the RESTAdapter will send each find request coming from a store.find
or from accessing a relationship separately to the server. If your server supports passing
ids as a query string, you can set coalesceFindRequests to true to coalesce all find requests
within a single runloop.
For example, if you have an initial payload of:
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
{ post: { id: 1, comments: [1, 2] } } |
By default calling post.get('comments')
will trigger the following requests(assuming the
comments haven't been loaded before):
1 2 |
GET /comments/1 GET /comments/2 |
If you set coalesceFindRequests to true
it will instead trigger the following request:
1 |
GET /comments?ids[]=1&ids[]=2 |
Setting coalesceFindRequests to true
also works for store.find
requests and belongsTo
relationships accessed within the same runloop. If you set coalesceFindRequests: true
1 2 |
store.findRecord('comment', 1); store.findRecord('comment', 2); |
will also send a request to: GET /comments?ids[]=1&ids[]=2
Note: Requests coalescing rely on URL building strategy. So if you override buildURL
in your app
groupRecordsForFindMany
more likely should be overridden as well in order for coalescing to work.
defaultSerializer
{String}
If you would like your adapter to use a custom serializer you can
set the defaultSerializer
property to be the name of the custom
serializer.
Note the defaultSerializer
serializer has a lower priority than
a model specific serializer (i.e. PostSerializer
) or the
application
serializer.
app/adapters/django.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.Adapter.extend({ defaultSerializer: 'django' }); |
headers
{Object}
Some APIs require HTTP headers, e.g. to provide an API
key. Arbitrary headers can be set as key/value pairs on the
RESTAdapter
's headers
object and Ember Data will send them
along with each ajax request. For dynamic headers see headers
customization.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ headers: { "API_KEY": "secret key", "ANOTHER_HEADER": "Some header value" } }); |
host
{String}
An adapter can target other hosts by setting the host
property.
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ host: 'https://api.example.com' }); |
Requests for the Post
model would now target https://api.example.com/post/
.
namespace
{String}
Endpoint paths can be prefixed with a namespace
by setting the namespace
property on the adapter:
app/adapters/application.js | |
1 2 3 4 5 |
import DS from 'ember-data'; export default DS.RESTAdapter.extend({ namespace: 'api/1' }); |
Requests for the Post
model would now target /api/1/post/
.