Module java.base
Package java.util.concurrent

Class LinkedTransferQueue<E>

  • Type Parameters:
    E - the type of elements held in this queue
    All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Iterable<E>, Collection<E>, BlockingQueue<E>, TransferQueue<E>, Queue<E>

    public class LinkedTransferQueue<E>
extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements TransferQueue<E>, Serializable
    An unbounded TransferQueue based on linked nodes. This queue orders elements FIFO (first-in-first-out) with respect to any given producer. The head of the queue is that element that has been on the queue the longest time for some producer. The tail of the queue is that element that has been on the queue the shortest time for some producer.

    Beware that, unlike in most collections, the size method is NOT a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these queues, determining the current number of elements requires a traversal of the elements, and so may report inaccurate results if this collection is modified during traversal.

    Bulk operations that add, remove, or examine multiple elements, such as AbstractQueue.addAll(java.util.Collection<? extends E>), removeIf(java.util.function.Predicate<? super E>) or forEach(java.util.function.Consumer<? super E>), are not guaranteed to be performed atomically. For example, a forEach traversal concurrent with an addAll operation might observe only some of the added elements.

    This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the Collection and Iterator interfaces.

    Memory consistency effects: As with other concurrent collections, actions in a thread prior to placing an object into a LinkedTransferQueue happen-before actions subsequent to the access or removal of that element from the LinkedTransferQueue in another thread.

    This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

    Since:
    1.7
    See Also:
    Serialized Form

    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors 
      Constructor Description
      LinkedTransferQueue​()
      Creates an initially empty LinkedTransferQueue.
      LinkedTransferQueue​(Collection<? extends E> c)
      Creates a LinkedTransferQueue initially containing the elements of the given collection, added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      boolean add​(E e)
      Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue.
      void clear​()
      Removes all of the elements from this queue.
      boolean contains​(Object o)
      Returns true if this queue contains the specified element.
      int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c)
      Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
      int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
      Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
      void forEach​(Consumer<? super E> action)
      Performs the given action for each element of the Iterable until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.
      int getWaitingConsumerCount​()
      Returns an estimate of the number of consumers waiting to receive elements via BlockingQueue.take() or timed poll.
      boolean hasWaitingConsumer​()
      Returns true if there is at least one consumer waiting to receive an element via BlockingQueue.take() or timed poll.
      boolean isEmpty​()
      Returns true if this queue contains no elements.
      Iterator<E> iterator​()
      Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence.
      boolean offer​(E e)
      Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue.
      boolean offer​(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
      Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue.
      E peek​()
      Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
      E poll​()
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
      E poll​(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.
      void put​(E e)
      Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue.
      int remainingCapacity​()
      Always returns Integer.MAX_VALUE because a LinkedTransferQueue is not capacity constrained.
      boolean remove​(Object o)
      Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present.
      boolean removeAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Removes all of this collection's elements that are also contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
      boolean removeIf​(Predicate<? super E> filter)
      Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate.
      boolean retainAll​(Collection<?> c)
      Retains only the elements in this collection that are contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
      int size​()
      Returns the number of elements in this queue.
      Spliterator<E> spliterator​()
      Returns a Spliterator over the elements in this queue.
      E take​()
      Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary until an element becomes available.
      Object[] toArray​()
      Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence.
      <T> T[] toArray​(T[] a)
      Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
      String toString​()
      Returns a string representation of this collection.
      void transfer​(E e)
      Transfers the element to a consumer, waiting if necessary to do so.
      boolean tryTransfer​(E e)
      Transfers the element to a waiting consumer immediately, if possible.
      boolean tryTransfer​(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
      Transfers the element to a consumer if it is possible to do so before the timeout elapses.

    • Constructor Detail

      • LinkedTransferQueue

        public LinkedTransferQueue​()
        Creates an initially empty LinkedTransferQueue.

      • LinkedTransferQueue

        public LinkedTransferQueue​(Collection<? extends E> c)
        Creates a LinkedTransferQueue initially containing the elements of the given collection, added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.
        Parameters:
        c - the collection of elements to initially contain
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified collection or any of its elements are null

    • Method Detail

      • toString

        public String toString​()
        Description copied from class: AbstractCollection
        Returns a string representation of this collection. The string representation consists of a list of the collection's elements in the order they are returned by its iterator, enclosed in square brackets ("[]"). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters ", " (comma and space). Elements are converted to strings as by String.valueOf(Object).
        Overrides:
        toString in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Returns:
        a string representation of this collection

      • toArray

        public Object[] toArray​()
        Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence.

        The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.

        This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.

        Specified by:
        toArray in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        toArray in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Returns:
        an array containing all of the elements in this queue

      • toArray

        public <T> T[] toArray​(T[] a)
        Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.

        If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to null.

        Like the toArray() method, this method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.

        Suppose x is a queue known to contain only strings. The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly allocated array of String: 

         String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);
        Note that toArray(new Object[0]) is identical in function to toArray().
        Specified by:
        toArray in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        toArray in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Type Parameters:
        T - the runtime type of the array to contain the collection
        Parameters:
        a - the array into which the elements of the queue are to be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
        Returns:
        an array containing all of the elements in this queue
        Throws:
        ArrayStoreException - if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this queue
        NullPointerException - if the specified array is null

      • put

        public void put​(E e)
        Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue. As the queue is unbounded, this method will never block.
        Specified by:
        put in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to add
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

      • offer

        public boolean offer​(E e,
                     long timeout,
                     TimeUnit unit)
        Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue. As the queue is unbounded, this method will never block or return false.
        Specified by:
        offer in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to add
        timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
        unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
        Returns:
        true (as specified by BlockingQueue.offer)
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

      • offer

        public boolean offer​(E e)
        Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue. As the queue is unbounded, this method will never return false.
        Specified by:
        offer in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Specified by:
        offer in interface Queue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to add
        Returns:
        true (as specified by Queue.offer(E))
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

      • tryTransfer

        public boolean tryTransfer​(E e)
        Transfers the element to a waiting consumer immediately, if possible.

        More precisely, transfers the specified element immediately if there exists a consumer already waiting to receive it (in take() or timed poll), otherwise returning false without enqueuing the element.

        Specified by:
        tryTransfer in interface TransferQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to transfer
        Returns:
        true if the element was transferred, else false
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null

      • transfer

        public void transfer​(E e)
              throws InterruptedException
        Transfers the element to a consumer, waiting if necessary to do so.

        More precisely, transfers the specified element immediately if there exists a consumer already waiting to receive it (in take() or timed poll), else inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue and waits until the element is received by a consumer.

        Specified by:
        transfer in interface TransferQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to transfer
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null
        InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting, in which case the element is not left enqueued

      • tryTransfer

        public boolean tryTransfer​(E e,
                           long timeout,
                           TimeUnit unit)
                    throws InterruptedException
        Transfers the element to a consumer if it is possible to do so before the timeout elapses.

        More precisely, transfers the specified element immediately if there exists a consumer already waiting to receive it (in take() or timed poll), else inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue and waits until the element is received by a consumer, returning false if the specified wait time elapses before the element can be transferred.

        Specified by:
        tryTransfer in interface TransferQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        e - the element to transfer
        timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
        unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
        Returns:
        true if successful, or false if the specified waiting time elapses before completion, in which case the element is not left enqueued
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified element is null
        InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting, in which case the element is not left enqueued

      • poll

        public E poll​(long timeout,
              TimeUnit unit)
       throws InterruptedException
        Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
        Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.
        Specified by:
        poll in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        timeout - how long to wait before giving up, in units of unit
        unit - a TimeUnit determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
        Returns:
        the head of this queue, or null if the specified waiting time elapses before an element is available
        Throws:
        InterruptedException - if interrupted while waiting

      • poll

        public E poll​()
        Description copied from interface: Queue
        Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
        Specified by:
        poll in interface Queue<E>
        Returns:
        the head of this queue, or null if this queue is empty

      • drainTo

        public int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c)
        Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
        Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. This operation may be more efficient than repeatedly polling this queue. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.
        Specified by:
        drainTo in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        c - the collection to transfer elements into
        Returns:
        the number of elements transferred
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
        IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

      • drainTo

        public int drainTo​(Collection<? super E> c,
                   int maxElements)
        Description copied from interface: BlockingQueue
        Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection c may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in IllegalArgumentException. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.
        Specified by:
        drainTo in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Parameters:
        c - the collection to transfer elements into
        maxElements - the maximum number of elements to transfer
        Returns:
        the number of elements transferred
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified collection is null
        IllegalArgumentException - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

      • iterator

        public Iterator<E> iterator​()
        Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence. The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).

        The returned iterator is weakly consistent.

        Specified by:
        iterator in interface Collection<E>
        Specified by:
        iterator in interface Iterable<E>
        Specified by:
        iterator in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Returns:
        an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence

      • peek

        public E peek​()
        Description copied from interface: Queue
        Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns null if this queue is empty.
        Specified by:
        peek in interface Queue<E>
        Returns:
        the head of this queue, or null if this queue is empty

      • isEmpty

        public boolean isEmpty​()
        Returns true if this queue contains no elements.
        Specified by:
        isEmpty in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        isEmpty in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Returns:
        true if this queue contains no elements

      • hasWaitingConsumer

        public boolean hasWaitingConsumer​()
        Description copied from interface: TransferQueue
        Returns true if there is at least one consumer waiting to receive an element via BlockingQueue.take() or timed poll. The return value represents a momentary state of affairs.
        Specified by:
        hasWaitingConsumer in interface TransferQueue<E>
        Returns:
        true if there is at least one waiting consumer

      • size

        public int size​()
        Returns the number of elements in this queue. If this queue contains more than Integer.MAX_VALUE elements, returns Integer.MAX_VALUE.

        Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is NOT a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these queues, determining the current number of elements requires an O(n) traversal.

        Specified by:
        size in interface Collection<E>
        Specified by:
        size in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Returns:
        the number of elements in this queue

      • getWaitingConsumerCount

        public int getWaitingConsumerCount​()
        Description copied from interface: TransferQueue
        Returns an estimate of the number of consumers waiting to receive elements via BlockingQueue.take() or timed poll. The return value is an approximation of a momentary state of affairs, that may be inaccurate if consumers have completed or given up waiting. The value may be useful for monitoring and heuristics, but not for synchronization control. Implementations of this method are likely to be noticeably slower than those for TransferQueue.hasWaitingConsumer().
        Specified by:
        getWaitingConsumerCount in interface TransferQueue<E>
        Returns:
        the number of consumers waiting to receive elements

      • remove

        public boolean remove​(Object o)
        Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present. More formally, removes an element e such that o.equals(e), if this queue contains one or more such elements. Returns true if this queue contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a result of the call).
        Specified by:
        remove in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Specified by:
        remove in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        remove in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Parameters:
        o - element to be removed from this queue, if present
        Returns:
        true if this queue changed as a result of the call

      • contains

        public boolean contains​(Object o)
        Returns true if this queue contains the specified element. More formally, returns true if and only if this queue contains at least one element e such that o.equals(e).
        Specified by:
        contains in interface BlockingQueue<E>
        Specified by:
        contains in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        contains in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Parameters:
        o - object to be checked for containment in this queue
        Returns:
        true if this queue contains the specified element

      • removeIf

        public boolean removeIf​(Predicate<? super E> filter)
        Description copied from interface: Collection
        Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate. Errors or runtime exceptions thrown during iteration or by the predicate are relayed to the caller.
        Specified by:
        removeIf in interface Collection<E>
        Parameters:
        filter - a predicate which returns true for elements to be removed
        Returns:
        true if any elements were removed
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified filter is null

      • removeAll

        public boolean removeAll​(Collection<?> c)
        Description copied from class: AbstractCollection
        Removes all of this collection's elements that are also contained in the specified collection (optional operation). After this call returns, this collection will contain no elements in common with the specified collection.
        Specified by:
        removeAll in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        removeAll in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Parameters:
        c - collection containing elements to be removed from this collection
        Returns:
        true if this collection changed as a result of the call
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if this collection contains one or more null elements and the specified collection does not support null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null
        See Also:
        AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)

      • retainAll

        public boolean retainAll​(Collection<?> c)
        Description copied from class: AbstractCollection
        Retains only the elements in this collection that are contained in the specified collection (optional operation). In other words, removes from this collection all of its elements that are not contained in the specified collection.
        Specified by:
        retainAll in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        retainAll in class AbstractCollection<E>
        Parameters:
        c - collection containing elements to be retained in this collection
        Returns:
        true if this collection changed as a result of the call
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if this collection contains one or more null elements and the specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null
        See Also:
        AbstractCollection.remove(Object), AbstractCollection.contains(Object)

      • clear

        public void clear​()
        Description copied from class: AbstractQueue
        Removes all of the elements from this queue. The queue will be empty after this call returns.

        This implementation repeatedly invokes poll until it returns null.

        Specified by:
        clear in interface Collection<E>
        Overrides:
        clear in class AbstractQueue<E>

      • forEach

        public void forEach​(Consumer<? super E> action)
        Description copied from interface: Iterable
        Performs the given action for each element of the Iterable until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception. Actions are performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified. Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.

        The behavior of this method is unspecified if the action performs side-effects that modify the underlying source of elements, unless an overriding class has specified a concurrent modification policy.

        Specified by:
        forEach in interface Iterable<E>
        Parameters:
        action - The action to be performed for each element
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if the specified action is null