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- shellwords.rb
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Shellwords
This module manipulates strings according to the word parsing rules of the UNIX Bourne shell.
The shellwords() function was originally a port of shellwords.pl, but modified to conform to POSIX / SUSv3 (IEEE Std 1003.1-2001).
Authors:
- Wakou Aoyama - Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org>
Contact:
- Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer)
Public Class Methods
Escapes a string so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell command line.
Note that a resulted string should be used unquoted and is not intended for use in double quotes nor in single quotes.
open("| grep #{Shellwords.escape(pattern)} file") { |pipe| # ... }
String#shellescape is a shorthand for this function.
open("| grep #{pattern.shellescape} file") { |pipe| # ... }
It is caller’s responsibility to encode the string in the right encoding for the shell environment where this string is used. Multibyte characters are treated as multibyte characters, not bytes.
# File shellwords.rb, line 73
def shellescape(str)
# An empty argument will be skipped, so return empty quotes.
return "''" if str.empty?
str = str.dup
# Treat multibyte characters as is. It is caller's responsibility
# to encode the string in the right encoding for the shell
# environment.
str.gsub!(/([^A-Za-z0-9_\-.,:\/@\n])/, "\\\\\\1")
# A LF cannot be escaped with a backslash because a backslash + LF
# combo is regarded as line continuation and simply ignored.
str.gsub!(/\n/, "'\n'")
return str
end
Builds a command line string from an argument list array
joining all elements escaped for Bourne shell and separated by a space.
open('|' + Shellwords.join(['grep', pattern, *files])) { |pipe| # ... }
Array#shelljoin is a shorthand for this function.
open('|' + ['grep', pattern, *files].shelljoin) { |pipe| # ... }
# File shellwords.rb, line 110
def shelljoin(array)
array.map { |arg| shellescape(arg) }.join(' ')
end
Splits a string into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX Bourne shell does.
argv = Shellwords.split('here are "two words"') argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
String#shellsplit is a shorthand for this function.
argv = 'here are "two words"'.shellsplit argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
# File shellwords.rb, line 30
def shellsplit(line)
words = []
field = ''
line.scan(/\G\s*(?>([^\s\\\"]+)|'([^\]*)'|"((?:[^\"\]|\.)*)"|(\.?)|(\S))(\s|\z)?/m) do
|word, sq, dq, esc, garbage, sep|
raise ArgumentError, "Unmatched double quote: #{line.inspect}" if garbage
field << (word || sq || (dq || esc).gsub(/\(.)/, '\1'))
if sep
words << field
field = ''
end
end
words
end
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