sklearn.linear_model.BayesianRidge

class sklearn.linear_model.BayesianRidge(n_iter=300, tol=0.001, alpha_1=1e-06, alpha_2=1e-06, lambda_1=1e-06, lambda_2=1e-06, compute_score=False, fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, copy_X=True, verbose=False)[source]

Bayesian ridge regression

Fit a Bayesian ridge model and optimize the regularization parameters lambda (precision of the weights) and alpha (precision of the noise).

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:
n_iter : int, optional

Maximum number of iterations. Default is 300.

tol : float, optional

Stop the algorithm if w has converged. Default is 1.e-3.

alpha_1 : float, optional

Hyper-parameter : shape parameter for the Gamma distribution prior over the alpha parameter. Default is 1.e-6

alpha_2 : float, optional

Hyper-parameter : inverse scale parameter (rate parameter) for the Gamma distribution prior over the alpha parameter. Default is 1.e-6.

lambda_1 : float, optional

Hyper-parameter : shape parameter for the Gamma distribution prior over the lambda parameter. Default is 1.e-6.

lambda_2 : float, optional

Hyper-parameter : inverse scale parameter (rate parameter) for the Gamma distribution prior over the lambda parameter. Default is 1.e-6

compute_score : boolean, optional

If True, compute the objective function at each step of the model. Default is False

fit_intercept : boolean, optional

whether to calculate the intercept for this model. If set to false, no intercept will be used in calculations (e.g. data is expected to be already centered). Default is True.

normalize : boolean, optional, default False

This parameter is ignored when fit_intercept is set to False. If True, the regressors X will be normalized before regression by subtracting the mean and dividing by the l2-norm. If you wish to standardize, please use sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler before calling fit on an estimator with normalize=False.

copy_X : boolean, optional, default True

If True, X will be copied; else, it may be overwritten.

verbose : boolean, optional, default False

Verbose mode when fitting the model.
Attributes:
coef_ : array, shape = (n_features)

Coefficients of the regression model (mean of distribution)

alpha_ : float

estimated precision of the noise.

lambda_ : float

estimated precision of the weights.

sigma_ : array, shape = (n_features, n_features)

estimated variance-covariance matrix of the weights

scores_ : float

if computed, value of the objective function (to be maximized)

Notes

For an example, see examples/linear_model/plot_bayesian_ridge.py.

References

D. J. C. MacKay, Bayesian Interpolation, Computation and Neural Systems, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1992.

R. Salakhutdinov, Lecture notes on Statistical Machine Learning, http://www.utstat.toronto.edu/~rsalakhu/sta4273/notes/Lecture2.pdf#page=15 Their beta is our self.alpha_ Their alpha is our self.lambda_

Examples

>>> from sklearn import linear_model
>>> clf = linear_model.BayesianRidge()
>>> clf.fit([[0,0], [1, 1], [2, 2]], [0, 1, 2])
... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
BayesianRidge(alpha_1=1e-06, alpha_2=1e-06, compute_score=False,
        copy_X=True, fit_intercept=True, lambda_1=1e-06, lambda_2=1e-06,
        n_iter=300, normalize=False, tol=0.001, verbose=False)
>>> clf.predict([[1, 1]])
array([1.])

Methods

fit(X, y[, sample_weight]) Fit the model
get_params([deep]) Get parameters for this estimator.
predict(X[, return_std]) Predict using the linear model.
score(X, y[, sample_weight]) Returns the coefficient of determination R^2 of the prediction.
set_params(**params) Set the parameters of this estimator.
__init__(n_iter=300, tol=0.001, alpha_1=1e-06, alpha_2=1e-06, lambda_1=1e-06, lambda_2=1e-06, compute_score=False, fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, copy_X=True, verbose=False)[source]

Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

fit(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]

Fit the model

Parameters:
X : numpy array of shape [n_samples,n_features]

Training data

y : numpy array of shape [n_samples]

Target values. Will be cast to X’s dtype if necessary

sample_weight : numpy array of shape [n_samples]

Individual weights for each sample

New in version 0.20: parameter sample_weight support to BayesianRidge.
Returns:
self : returns an instance of self.
get_params(deep=True)[source]

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:
deep : boolean, optional

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
Returns:
params : mapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.
predict(X, return_std=False)[source]

Predict using the linear model.

In addition to the mean of the predictive distribution, also its standard deviation can be returned.

Parameters:
X : {array-like, sparse matrix}, shape = (n_samples, n_features)

Samples.

return_std : boolean, optional

Whether to return the standard deviation of posterior prediction.
Returns:
y_mean : array, shape = (n_samples,)

Mean of predictive distribution of query points.

y_std : array, shape = (n_samples,)

Standard deviation of predictive distribution of query points.
score(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]

Returns the coefficient of determination R^2 of the prediction.

The coefficient R^2 is defined as (1 - u/v), where u is the residual sum of squares ((y_true - y_pred) ** 2).sum() and v is the total sum of squares ((y_true - y_true.mean()) ** 2).sum(). The best possible score is 1.0 and it can be negative (because the model can be arbitrarily worse). A constant model that always predicts the expected value of y, disregarding the input features, would get a R^2 score of 0.0.

Parameters:
X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_features)

Test samples. For some estimators this may be a precomputed kernel matrix instead, shape = (n_samples, n_samples_fitted], where n_samples_fitted is the number of samples used in the fitting for the estimator.

y : array-like, shape = (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_outputs)

True values for X.

sample_weight : array-like, shape = [n_samples], optional

Sample weights.
Returns:
score : float

R^2 of self.predict(X) wrt. y.
set_params(**params)[source]

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Returns:
self

Examples using sklearn.linear_model.BayesianRidge