{foreach} is used for looping over arrays of data. {foreach} has a simpler and cleaner syntax than the {section} loop, and can also loop over associative arrays.
{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}
{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}
This foreach syntax does not accept any named attributes. This syntax is new to Smarty 3, however the Smarty 2.x syntax {foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"} is still supported.
{foreach} loops can be nested.
The array variable, usually an array of values,
determines the number of times {foreach} will loop. You can also pass an integer for arbitrary loops.
{foreachelse} is executed when there are no
values in the array variable.
{foreach} properties are
@index,
@iteration,
@first,
@last,
@show,
@total.
{foreach} constructs are
{break},
{continue}.
Instead of specifying the key variable you can access the current key of the
loop item by {$item@key} (see examples below).
The $var@property syntax is new to Smarty 3, however when using the Smarty 2 {foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"} style syntax, the $smarty.foreach.name.property syntax is still supported.
Although you can retrieve the array key with the syntax {foreach $myArray as $myKey => $myValue}, the key is always available as $myValue@key within the foreach loop.
Option Flags:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| nocache | Disables caching of the {foreach} loop |
Example 7.30. A simple {foreach} loop
<?php
$arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
$smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
?>
Template to output $myColors in an un-ordered list
<ul>
{foreach $myColors as $color}
<li>{$color}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>red</li>
<li>green</li>
<li>blue</li>
</ul>
Example 7.31. Demonstrates the an additional key variable
<?php
$people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
$smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
?>
Template to output $myArray as key/value pairs.
<ul>
{foreach $myPeople as $value}
<li>{$value@key}: {$value}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>fname: John</li>
<li>lname: Doe</li>
<li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
</ul>
Example 7.32. {foreach} with nested item and key
Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped value.
<?php
$smarty->assign('contacts', array(
array('phone' => '555-555-1234',
'fax' => '555-555-5678',
'cell' => '555-555-0357'),
array('phone' => '800-555-4444',
'fax' => '800-555-3333',
'cell' => '800-555-2222')
));
?>
The template to output $contact.
{* key always available as a property *}
{foreach $contacts as $contact}
{foreach $contact as $value}
{$value@key}: {$value}
{/foreach}
{/foreach}
{* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
{foreach $contacts as $contact}
{foreach $contact as $key => $value}
{$key}: {$value}
{/foreach}
{/foreach}
Either of the above examples will output:
phone: 555-555-1234 fax: 555-555-5678 cell: 555-555-0357 phone: 800-555-4444 fax: 800-555-3333 cell: 800-555-2222
Example 7.33. Database example with {foreachelse}
A database (PDO) example of looping over search results. This example is looping over a PHP iterator instead of an array().
<?php
include('Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty;
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test';
$login = 'test';
$passwd = 'test';
// setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is
// important if you plan on using multiple result cursors
// in the template.
$db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array(
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true));
$res = $db->prepare("select * from users");
$res->execute();
$res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
// assign to smarty
$smarty->assign('res',$res);
$smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
?>
{foreach $res as $r}
{$r.id}
{$r.name}
{foreachelse}
.. no results ..
{/foreach}
The above is assuming the results contain the columns named id and name.
What is the advantage of an iterator vs. looping over a plain old array? With an array, all the results are accumulated into memory before being looped. With an iterator, each result is loaded/released within the loop. This saves processing time and memory, especially for very large result sets.
index contains the current array index, starting with zero.
Example 7.34. index example
{* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
<table>
{foreach $items as $i}
{if $i@index eq 3}
{* put empty table row *}
<tr><td>nbsp;</td></tr>
{/if}
<tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
{/foreach}
</table>
iteration contains the current loop iteration and always
starts at one, unlike index.
It is incremented by one on each iteration.
Example 7.35. iteration example: is div by
The "is div by" operator can be used to detect a specific iteration. Here we bold-face the name every 4th iteration.
{foreach $myNames as $name}
{if $name@iteration is div by 4}
<b>{$name}</b>
{/if}
{$name}
{/foreach}
Example 7.36. iteration example: is even/odd by
The "is even by" and "is odd by" operators can be used to alternate something every so many iterations. Choosing between even or odd rotates which one starts. Here we switch the font color every 3rd iteration.
{foreach $myNames as $name}
{if $name@iteration is even by 3}
<span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
{else}
<span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
{/if}
{/foreach}
This will output something similar to this:
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
...
first is TRUE if the current {foreach}
iteration is the initial one. Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.
Example 7.37. first property example
{* show table header at first iteration *}
<table>
{foreach $items as $i}
{if $i@first}
<tr>
<th>key</td>
<th>name</td>
</tr>
{/if}
<tr>
<td>{$i@key}</td>
<td>{$i.name}</td>
</tr>
{/foreach}
</table>
last is set to TRUE if the current
{foreach} iteration is the final one. Here we display a horizontal rule on the last iteration.
Example 7.38. last property example
{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
{foreach $items as $item}
<a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
{foreachelse}
... no items to loop ...
{/foreach}
The show show property can be used after the execution of a
{foreach} loop to detect if data has been displayed or not.
show is a boolean value.
Example 7.39. show property example
<ul>
{foreach $myArray as $name}
<li>{$name}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
{if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
total contains the number of iterations that this
{foreach} will loop.
This can be used inside or after the {foreach}.
Example 7.40. total property example
{* show number of rows at end *}
{foreach $items as $item}
{$item.name}<hr/>
{if $item@last}
<div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
{/if}
{foreachelse}
... no items to loop ...
{/foreach}