tf.constant

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Creates a constant tensor from a tensor-like object.

tf.constant(
    value, dtype=None, shape=None, name='Const'
)

Note: All eager tf.Tensor values are immutable (in contrast to tf.Variable). There is nothing especially constant about the value returned from tf.constant. This function it is not fundamentally different from tf.convert_to_tensor. The name tf.constant comes from the symbolic APIs (like tf.data or keras functional models) where the value is embeded in a Const node in the tf.Graph. tf.constant is useful for asserting that the value can be embedded that way.

If the argument dtype is not specified, then the type is inferred from the type of value.

>>> # Constant 1-D Tensor from a python list.
>>> tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(6,), dtype=int32,
    numpy=array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype=int32)>
>>> # Or a numpy array
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
>>> tf.constant(a)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 3), dtype=int64, numpy=
  array([[1, 2, 3],
         [4, 5, 6]])>

If dtype is specified the resulting tensor values are cast to the requested dtype.

>>> tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype=tf.float64)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(6,), dtype=float64,
    numpy=array([1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6.])>

If shape is set, the value is reshaped to match. Scalars are expanded to fill the shape:

>>> tf.constant(0, shape=(2, 3))
  <tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 3), dtype=int32, numpy=
  array([[0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0]], dtype=int32)>
>>> tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], shape=[2, 3])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 3), dtype=int32, numpy=
  array([[1, 2, 3],
         [4, 5, 6]], dtype=int32)>

tf.constant has no effect if an eager Tensor is passed as the value, it even transmits gradients:

>>> v = tf.Variable([0.0])
>>> with tf.GradientTape() as g:
...     loss = tf.constant(v + v)
>>> g.gradient(loss, v).numpy()
array([2.], dtype=float32)

But, since tf.constant embeds the value in the tf.Graph this fails for symbolic tensors:

>>> i = tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=[None, None])
>>> t = tf.constant(i)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: ...

Related Ops:

• tf.convert_to_tensor is similar but:

  • It has no shape argument.
  • Symbolic tensors are allowed to pass through.

  >>> i = tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=[None, None])
  >>> t = tf.convert_to_tensor(i)
  

• tf.fill: differs in a few ways:

  • tf.constant supports arbitrary constants, not just uniform scalar Tensors like tf.fill.
  • tf.fill creates an Op in the graph that is expanded at runtime, so it can efficiently represent large tensors.
  • Since tf.fill does not embed the value, it can produce dynamically sized outputs.

Args:

• value: A constant value (or list) of output type dtype.
• dtype: The type of the elements of the resulting tensor.
• shape: Optional dimensions of resulting tensor.
• name: Optional name for the tensor.

Returns:

A Constant Tensor.

Raises:

• TypeError: if shape is incorrectly specified or unsupported.
• ValueError: if called on a symbolic tensor.