twisted.web.http.Request

Known subclasses: twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest, twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest, twisted.web.server.Request, twisted.web.test.test_http.DummyHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http.DummyPullProducerHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http.ShutdownTests.ShutdownHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.ChunkedHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.ConsumerDummyHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.DummyProducerHandler

Implements interfaces: twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer, twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

A HTTP request.

Subclasses should override the process() method to determine how the request will be processed.

Instance Variable	method	The HTTP method that was used, e.g. `b'GET'`. (type: `bytes`)
Instance Variable	uri	The full encoded URI which was requested (including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c?q=v'`. (type: `bytes`)
Instance Variable	path	The encoded path of the request URI (not including query arguments), e.g. `b'/a/b%20/c'`. (type: `bytes`)
Instance Variable	args	A mapping of decoded query argument names as `bytes` to corresponding query argument values as `list`s of `bytes`. For example, for a URI with `foo=bar&foo=baz&quux=spam` as its query part `args` will be `{b'foo': [b'bar', b'baz'], b'quux': [b'spam']}`. (type: `dict` of `bytes` to `list` of `bytes`)
Instance Variable	content	A file-like object giving the request body. This may be a file on disk, an `io.BytesIO`, or some other type. The implementation is free to decide on a per-request basis. (type: `typing.BinaryIO`)
Instance Variable	cookies	The cookies that will be sent in the response. (type: `list` of `bytes`)
Instance Variable	requestHeaders	All received HTTP request headers. (type: `http_headers.Headers`)
Instance Variable	responseHeaders	All HTTP response headers to be sent. (type: `http_headers.Headers`)
Instance Variable	notifications	A `list` of `Deferred`s which are waiting for notification that the response to this request has been finished (successfully or with an error). Don't use this attribute directly, instead use the `Request.notifyFinish` method.
Method	__init__
Method	noLongerQueued	Notify the object that it is no longer queued.
Method	gotLength	Called when HTTP channel got length of content in this request.
Method	parseCookies	Parse cookie headers.
Method	handleContentChunk	Write a chunk of data.
Method	requestReceived	Called by channel when all data has been received.
Method	__repr__	Return a string description of the request including such information as the request method and request URI.
Method	process	Override in subclasses.
Method	registerProducer	Register a producer.
Method	unregisterProducer	Unregister the producer.
Method	getHeader	Get an HTTP request header.
Method	getCookie	Get a cookie that was sent from the network.
Method	notifyFinish	Notify when the response to this request has finished.
Method	finish	Indicate that all response data has been written to this `Request`.
Method	write	Write some data as a result of an HTTP request. The first time this is called, it writes out response data.
Method	addCookie	Set an outgoing HTTP cookie.
Method	setResponseCode	Set the HTTP response code.
Method	setHeader	Set an HTTP response header. Overrides any previously set values for this header.
Method	redirect	Utility function that does a redirect.
Method	setLastModified	Set the `Last-Modified` time for the response to this request.
Method	setETag	Set an `entity tag` for the outgoing response.
Method	getAllHeaders	Return dictionary mapping the names of all received headers to the last value received for each.
Method	getRequestHostname	Get the hostname that the user passed in to the request.
Method	getHost	Get my originally requesting transport's host.
Method	setHost	Change the host and port the request thinks it's using.
Method	getClientIP	Return the IP address of the client who submitted this request.
Method	getClientAddress	Return the address of the client who submitted this request.
Method	isSecure	Return `True` if this request is using a secure transport.
Method	getUser	Return the HTTP user sent with this request, if any.
Method	getPassword	Return the HTTP password sent with this request, if any.
Method	connectionLost	There is no longer a connection for this request to respond over. Clean up anything which can't be useful anymore.
Method	loseConnection	Pass the loseConnection through to the underlying channel.
Method	__eq__	Determines if two requests are the same object.
Method	__ne__	Determines if two requests are not the same object.
Method	__hash__	A `Request` is hashable so that it can be used as a mapping key.
Instance Variable	_disconnected	A flag which is `False` until the connection over which this request was received is closed and which is `True` after that. (type: `bool`)
Instance Variable	_log	A logger instance for request related messages. (type: `twisted.logger.Logger`)
Method	_cleanup	Called when have finished responding and are no longer queued.
Method	_authorize	Undocumented

method =

The HTTP method that was used, e.g. b'GET'. (type: bytes)

uri =

The full encoded URI which was requested (including query arguments), e.g. b'/a/b%20/c?q=v'. (type: bytes)

path =

The encoded path of the request URI (not including query arguments), e.g. b'/a/b%20/c'. (type: bytes)

args =

A mapping of decoded query argument names as bytes to corresponding query argument values as lists of bytes. For example, for a URI with foo=bar&foo=baz&quux=spam as its query part args will be

{b'foo': [b'bar', 
b'baz'], b'quux': [b'spam']}

. (type: dict of bytes to list of bytes)

content =

A file-like object giving the request body. This may be a file on disk, an io.BytesIO, or some other type. The implementation is free to decide on a per-request basis. (type: typing.BinaryIO)

cookies =

The cookies that will be sent in the response. (type: list of bytes)

requestHeaders =

All received HTTP request headers. (type: http_headers.Headers)

responseHeaders =

All HTTP response headers to be sent. (type: http_headers.Headers)

notifications =

A list of Deferreds which are waiting for notification that the response to this request has been finished (successfully or with an error). Don't use this attribute directly, instead use the Request.notifyFinish method.

_disconnected =

A flag which is False until the connection over which this request was received is closed and which is True after that. (type: bool)

_log =

A logger instance for request related messages. (type: twisted.logger.Logger)

def __init__(self, channel, queued=_QUEUED_SENTINEL):

overridden in twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest, twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest, twisted.web.server.Request, twisted.web.test.test_http.DummyNewHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.ConsumerDummyHandler

Parameters	channel	the channel we're connected to.
	queued	(deprecated) are we in the request queue, or can we start writing to the transport?

def _cleanup(self):

Called when have finished responding and are no longer queued.

def noLongerQueued(self):

Notify the object that it is no longer queued.

We start writing whatever data we have to the transport, etc.

This method is not intended for users.

In 16.3 this method was changed to become a no-op, as Request objects are now never queued.

def gotLength(self, length):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

overridden in twisted.web.server.Request

Called when HTTP channel got length of content in this request.

This method is not intended for users.

Parameters length The length of the request body, as indicated by the request headers. None if the request headers do not indicate a length.

def parseCookies(self):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

Parse cookie headers.

This method is not intended for users.

def handleContentChunk(self, data):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

Write a chunk of data.

This method is not intended for users.

def requestReceived(self, command, path, version):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

overridden in twisted.web.test.test_http2.ConsumerDummyHandler

Called by channel when all data has been received.

This method is not intended for users.

Parameters	command	The HTTP verb of this request. This has the case supplied by the client (eg, it maybe "get" rather than "GET"). (type: `bytes`)
	path	The URI of this request. (type: `bytes`)
	version	The HTTP version of this request. (type: `bytes`)

def __repr__(self):

Return a string description of the request including such information as the request method and request URI.

Returns A string loosely describing this Request object. (type: str)

def process(self):

overridden in twisted.web.proxy.ProxyRequest, twisted.web.proxy.ReverseProxyRequest, twisted.web.server.Request, twisted.web.test.test_http.DummyHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http.DummyPullProducerHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http.ShutdownTests.ShutdownHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.ChunkedHTTPHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.ConsumerDummyHandler, twisted.web.test.test_http2.DummyProducerHandler

Override in subclasses.

This method is not intended for users.

def registerProducer(self, producer, streaming):

from twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer

overridden in twisted.web.distrib.Request

def unregisterProducer(self):

from twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer

overridden in twisted.web.distrib.Request

Unregister the producer.

def getHeader(self, key):

Get an HTTP request header.

Parameters	key	The name of the header to get the value of. (type: `bytes` or `str`)
Returns	The value of the specified header, or `None` if that header was not present in the request. The string type of the result matches the type of `key`. (type: `bytes` or `str` or `None`)

def getCookie(self, key):

Get a cookie that was sent from the network.

Parameters	key	The name of the cookie to get. (type: `bytes`)
Returns	The value of the specified cookie, or `None` if that cookie was not present in the request. (type: `bytes` or `None`)

def notifyFinish(self):

Notify when the response to this request has finished.

Returns	A `Deferred` which will be triggered when the request is finished -- with a `None` value if the request finishes successfully or with an error if the request is interrupted by an error (for example, the client closing the connection prematurely). (type: `Deferred`)
Note	There are some caveats around the reliability of the delivery of this notification. If this `Request`'s channel is paused, the notification will not be delivered. This can happen in one of two ways; either you can call `request.transport.pauseProducing` yourself, or, In order to deliver this notification promptly when a client disconnects, the reactor must continue reading from the transport, so that it can tell when the underlying network connection has gone away. Twisted Web will only keep reading up until a finite (small) maximum buffer size before it gives up and pauses the transport itself. If this occurs, you will not discover that the connection has gone away until a timeout fires or until the application attempts to send some data via `Request.write`. It is theoretically impossible to distinguish between successfully sending a response and the peer successfully receiving it. There are several networking edge cases where the `Deferred`s returned by `notifyFinish` will indicate success, but the data will never be received. There are also edge cases where the connection will appear to fail, but in reality the response was delivered. As a result, the information provided by the result of the `Deferred`s returned by this method should be treated as a guess; do not make critical decisions in your applications based upon it.

def finish(self):

overridden in twisted.web.server.Request

Indicate that all response data has been written to this Request.

def write(self, data):

from twisted.internet.interfaces.IConsumer

overridden in twisted.web.server.Request

Write some data as a result of an HTTP request. The first time this is called, it writes out response data.

Parameters data Some bytes to be sent as part of the response body. (type: bytes)

def addCookie(self, k, v, expires=None, domain=None, path=None, max_age=None, comment=None, secure=None, httpOnly=False, sameSite=None):

Set an outgoing HTTP cookie.

In general, you should consider using sessions instead of cookies, see twisted.web.server.Request.getSession and the twisted.web.server.Session class for details.

Parameters	k	cookie name (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	v	cookie value (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	expires	cookie expire attribute value in "Wdy, DD Mon YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT" format (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	domain	cookie domain (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	path	cookie path (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	max_age	cookie expiration in seconds from reception (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	comment	cookie comment (type: `bytes` or `unicode`)
	secure	direct browser to send the cookie on encrypted connections only (type: `bool`)
	httpOnly	direct browser not to expose cookies through channels other than HTTP (and HTTPS) requests (type: `bool`)
	sameSite	One of `None` (default), `'lax'` or `'strict'`. Direct browsers not to send this cookie on cross-origin requests. Please see: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-west-first-party-cookies-07 (type: `None`, `bytes` or `unicode`)
Raises	`DeprecationWarning` if an argument is not `bytes` or `unicode`. `ValueError` if the value for `sameSite` is not supported.

def setResponseCode(self, code, message=None):

Set the HTTP response code.

def setHeader(self, name, value):

Set an HTTP response header. Overrides any previously set values for this header.

Parameters	k	The name of the header for which to set the value. (type: `bytes` or `str`)
	v	The value to set for the named header. A `str` will be UTF-8 encoded, which may not interoperable with other implementations. Avoid passing non-ASCII characters if possible. (type: `bytes` or `str`)

def redirect(self, url):

Utility function that does a redirect.

Set the response code to FOUND and the Location header to the given URL.

The request should have finish() called after this.

Parameters url Location header value. (type: bytes or str)

def setLastModified(self, when):

Set the Last-Modified time for the response to this request.

If I am called more than once, I ignore attempts to set Last-Modified earlier, only replacing the Last-Modified time if it is to a later value.

If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to NOT_MODIFIED if appropriate for the time given.

Parameters	when	The last time the resource being returned was modified, in seconds since the epoch. (type: number)
Returns	If I am a If-Modified-Since conditional request and the time given is not newer than the condition, I return `http.CACHED` to indicate that you should write no body. Otherwise, I return a false value.

def setETag(self, etag):

Set an entity tag for the outgoing response.

That's "entity tag" as in the HTTP/1.1 ETag header, "used for comparing two or more entities from the same requested resource."

If I am a conditional request, I may modify my response code to NOT_MODIFIED or PRECONDITION_FAILED, if appropriate for the tag given.

Parameters	etag	The entity tag for the resource being returned. (type: string)
Returns	If I am a `If-None-Match` conditional request and the tag matches one in the request, I return `http.CACHED` to indicate that you should write no body. Otherwise, I return a false value.

def getAllHeaders(self):

Return dictionary mapping the names of all received headers to the last value received for each.

Since this method does not return all header information, self.requestHeaders.getAllRawHeaders() may be preferred.

def getRequestHostname(self):

Get the hostname that the user passed in to the request.

This will either use the Host: header (if it is available) or the host we are listening on if the header is unavailable.

Returns the requested hostname (type: bytes)

def getHost(self):

Get my originally requesting transport's host.

Don't rely on the 'transport' attribute, since Request objects may be copied remotely. For information on this method's return value, see twisted.internet.tcp.Port.

def setHost(self, host, port, ssl=0):

Change the host and port the request thinks it's using.

This method is useful for working with reverse HTTP proxies (e.g. both Squid and Apache's mod_proxy can do this), when the address the HTTP client is using is different than the one we're listening on.

For example, Apache may be listening on https://www.example.com/, and then forwarding requests to http://localhost:8080/, but we don't want HTML produced by Twisted to say b'http://localhost:8080/', they should say b'https://www.example.com/', so we do:

  request.setHost(b'www.example.com', 443, ssl=1)

Parameters	host	The value to which to change the host header. (type: `bytes`)
	ssl	A flag which, if `True`, indicates that the request is considered secure (if `True`, `isSecure` will return `True`). (type: `bool`)

def getClientIP(self):

Return the IP address of the client who submitted this request.

This method is deprecated. Use getClientAddress instead.

Returns the client IP address (type: str)

def getClientAddress(self):

Return the address of the client who submitted this request.

This may not be a network address (e.g., a server listening on a UNIX domain socket will cause this to return UNIXAddress). Callers must check the type of the returned address.

Returns	the client's address. (type: `IAddress`)
Present Since	18.4

def isSecure(self):

Return True if this request is using a secure transport.

Normally this method returns True if this request's HTTPChannel instance is using a transport that implements interfaces.ISSLTransport.

This will also return True if Request.setHost has been called with ssl=True.

Returns True if this request is secure (type: bool)

def _authorize(self):

Undocumented

def getUser(self):

Return the HTTP user sent with this request, if any.

If no user was supplied, return the empty string.

Returns the HTTP user, if any (type: bytes)

def getPassword(self):

Return the HTTP password sent with this request, if any.

If no password was supplied, return the empty string.

Returns the HTTP password, if any (type: bytes)

def connectionLost(self, reason):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

There is no longer a connection for this request to respond over. Clean up anything which can't be useful anymore.

def loseConnection(self):

Pass the loseConnection through to the underlying channel.

def __eq__(self, other):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

Determines if two requests are the same object.

Parameters	other	Another object whose identity will be compared to this instance's.
Returns	`True` when the two are the same object and `False` when not. (type: `bool`)

def __ne__(self, other):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

Determines if two requests are not the same object.

Parameters	other	Another object whose identity will be compared to this instance's.
Returns	`True` when the two are not the same object and `False` when they are. (type: `bool`)

def __hash__(self):

from twisted.web.http._IDeprecatedHTTPChannelToRequestInterface

A Request is hashable so that it can be used as a mapping key.

Returns A int based on the instance's identity.

API Documentation for twisted, generated by pydoctor at 2020-03-25 17:34:30.

twisted.web.http.Request class documentation

`twisted.web.http.Request` class documentation