wp_nav_menu( array $args = array() )
Displays a navigation menu.
Contents
Description Description
Parameters Parameters
- $args
-
(array) (Optional) Array of nav menu arguments.
- 'menu'
(int|string|WP_Term) Desired menu. Accepts a menu ID, slug, name, or object. - 'menu_class'
(string) CSS class to use for the ul element which forms the menu. Default 'menu'. - 'menu_id'
(string) The ID that is applied to the ul element which forms the menu. Default is the menu slug, incremented. - 'container'
(string) Whether to wrap the ul, and what to wrap it with. Default 'div'. - 'container_class'
(string) Class that is applied to the container. Default 'menu-{menu slug}-container'. - 'container_id'
(string) The ID that is applied to the container. - 'fallback_cb'
(callable|bool) If the menu doesn't exists, a callback function will fire. Default is 'wp_page_menu'. Set to false for no fallback. - 'before'
(string) Text before the link markup. - 'after'
(string) Text after the link markup. - 'link_before'
(string) Text before the link text. - 'link_after'
(string) Text after the link text. - 'echo'
(bool) Whether to echo the menu or return it. Default true. - 'depth'
(int) How many levels of the hierarchy are to be included. 0 means all. Default 0. - 'walker'
(object) Instance of a custom walker class. - 'theme_location'
(string) Theme location to be used. Must be registered with register_nav_menu() in order to be selectable by the user. - 'items_wrap'
(string) How the list items should be wrapped. Default is a ul with an id and class. Uses printf() format with numbered placeholders. - 'item_spacing'
(string) Whether to preserve whitespace within the menu's HTML. Accepts 'preserve' or 'discard'. Default 'preserve'.
Default value: array()
- 'menu'
Return Return
(string|false|void) Menu output if $echo is false, false if there are no items or no menu was found.
Source Source
File: wp-includes/nav-menu-template.php
function wp_nav_menu( $args = array() ) { static $menu_id_slugs = array(); $defaults = array( 'menu' => '', 'container' => 'div', 'container_class' => '', 'container_id' => '', 'menu_class' => 'menu', 'menu_id' => '', 'echo' => true, 'fallback_cb' => 'wp_page_menu', 'before' => '', 'after' => '', 'link_before' => '', 'link_after' => '', 'items_wrap' => '<ul id="%1$s" class="%2$s">%3$s</ul>', 'item_spacing' => 'preserve', 'depth' => 0, 'walker' => '', 'theme_location' => '', ); $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults ); if ( ! in_array( $args['item_spacing'], array( 'preserve', 'discard' ), true ) ) { // invalid value, fall back to default. $args['item_spacing'] = $defaults['item_spacing']; } /** * Filters the arguments used to display a navigation menu. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @see wp_nav_menu() * * @param array $args Array of wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $args = apply_filters( 'wp_nav_menu_args', $args ); $args = (object) $args; /** * Filters whether to short-circuit the wp_nav_menu() output. * * Returning a non-null value to the filter will short-circuit * wp_nav_menu(), echoing that value if $args->echo is true, * returning that value otherwise. * * @since 3.9.0 * * @see wp_nav_menu() * * @param string|null $output Nav menu output to short-circuit with. Default null. * @param stdClass $args An object containing wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $nav_menu = apply_filters( 'pre_wp_nav_menu', null, $args ); if ( null !== $nav_menu ) { if ( $args->echo ) { echo $nav_menu; return; } return $nav_menu; } // Get the nav menu based on the requested menu $menu = wp_get_nav_menu_object( $args->menu ); // Get the nav menu based on the theme_location if ( ! $menu && $args->theme_location && ( $locations = get_nav_menu_locations() ) && isset( $locations[ $args->theme_location ] ) ) { $menu = wp_get_nav_menu_object( $locations[ $args->theme_location ] ); } // get the first menu that has items if we still can't find a menu if ( ! $menu && ! $args->theme_location ) { $menus = wp_get_nav_menus(); foreach ( $menus as $menu_maybe ) { if ( $menu_items = wp_get_nav_menu_items( $menu_maybe->term_id, array( 'update_post_term_cache' => false ) ) ) { $menu = $menu_maybe; break; } } } if ( empty( $args->menu ) ) { $args->menu = $menu; } // If the menu exists, get its items. if ( $menu && ! is_wp_error( $menu ) && ! isset( $menu_items ) ) { $menu_items = wp_get_nav_menu_items( $menu->term_id, array( 'update_post_term_cache' => false ) ); } /* * If no menu was found: * - Fall back (if one was specified), or bail. * * If no menu items were found: * - Fall back, but only if no theme location was specified. * - Otherwise, bail. */ if ( ( ! $menu || is_wp_error( $menu ) || ( isset( $menu_items ) && empty( $menu_items ) && ! $args->theme_location ) ) && isset( $args->fallback_cb ) && $args->fallback_cb && is_callable( $args->fallback_cb ) ) { return call_user_func( $args->fallback_cb, (array) $args ); } if ( ! $menu || is_wp_error( $menu ) ) { return false; } $nav_menu = $items = ''; $show_container = false; if ( $args->container ) { /** * Filters the list of HTML tags that are valid for use as menu containers. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @param array $tags The acceptable HTML tags for use as menu containers. * Default is array containing 'div' and 'nav'. */ $allowed_tags = apply_filters( 'wp_nav_menu_container_allowedtags', array( 'div', 'nav' ) ); if ( is_string( $args->container ) && in_array( $args->container, $allowed_tags ) ) { $show_container = true; $class = $args->container_class ? ' class="' . esc_attr( $args->container_class ) . '"' : ' class="menu-' . $menu->slug . '-container"'; $id = $args->container_id ? ' id="' . esc_attr( $args->container_id ) . '"' : ''; $nav_menu .= '<' . $args->container . $id . $class . '>'; } } // Set up the $menu_item variables _wp_menu_item_classes_by_context( $menu_items ); $sorted_menu_items = $menu_items_with_children = array(); foreach ( (array) $menu_items as $menu_item ) { $sorted_menu_items[ $menu_item->menu_order ] = $menu_item; if ( $menu_item->menu_item_parent ) { $menu_items_with_children[ $menu_item->menu_item_parent ] = true; } } // Add the menu-item-has-children class where applicable if ( $menu_items_with_children ) { foreach ( $sorted_menu_items as &$menu_item ) { if ( isset( $menu_items_with_children[ $menu_item->ID ] ) ) { $menu_item->classes[] = 'menu-item-has-children'; } } } unset( $menu_items, $menu_item ); /** * Filters the sorted list of menu item objects before generating the menu's HTML. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param array $sorted_menu_items The menu items, sorted by each menu item's menu order. * @param stdClass $args An object containing wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $sorted_menu_items = apply_filters( 'wp_nav_menu_objects', $sorted_menu_items, $args ); $items .= walk_nav_menu_tree( $sorted_menu_items, $args->depth, $args ); unset( $sorted_menu_items ); // Attributes if ( ! empty( $args->menu_id ) ) { $wrap_id = $args->menu_id; } else { $wrap_id = 'menu-' . $menu->slug; while ( in_array( $wrap_id, $menu_id_slugs ) ) { if ( preg_match( '#-(\d+)$#', $wrap_id, $matches ) ) { $wrap_id = preg_replace( '#-(\d+)$#', '-' . ++$matches[1], $wrap_id ); } else { $wrap_id = $wrap_id . '-1'; } } } $menu_id_slugs[] = $wrap_id; $wrap_class = $args->menu_class ? $args->menu_class : ''; /** * Filters the HTML list content for navigation menus. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @see wp_nav_menu() * * @param string $items The HTML list content for the menu items. * @param stdClass $args An object containing wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $items = apply_filters( 'wp_nav_menu_items', $items, $args ); /** * Filters the HTML list content for a specific navigation menu. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @see wp_nav_menu() * * @param string $items The HTML list content for the menu items. * @param stdClass $args An object containing wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $items = apply_filters( "wp_nav_menu_{$menu->slug}_items", $items, $args ); // Don't print any markup if there are no items at this point. if ( empty( $items ) ) { return false; } $nav_menu .= sprintf( $args->items_wrap, esc_attr( $wrap_id ), esc_attr( $wrap_class ), $items ); unset( $items ); if ( $show_container ) { $nav_menu .= '</' . $args->container . '>'; } /** * Filters the HTML content for navigation menus. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @see wp_nav_menu() * * @param string $nav_menu The HTML content for the navigation menu. * @param stdClass $args An object containing wp_nav_menu() arguments. */ $nav_menu = apply_filters( 'wp_nav_menu', $nav_menu, $args ); if ( $args->echo ) { echo $nav_menu; } else { return $nav_menu; } }
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Changelog Changelog
Version | Description |
---|---|
4.7.0 | Added the item_spacing argument. |
3.0.0 | Introduced. |
More Information More Information
Usage Usage
wp_nav_menu( $args );
Given a theme_location parameter, the function displays the menu assigned to that location. If no such location exists or no menu is assigned to it, the parameter fallback_cb will determine what is displayed.
If not given a theme_location parameter, the function displays
- the menu matching the ID, slug, or name given by the menu parameter;
- otherwise, the first non-empty menu;
- otherwise (or if the menu given by menu is empty), output of the function given by the fallback_cb parameter (wp_page_menu(), by default);
- otherwise nothing.
Menu Item CSS Classes Menu Item CSS Classes
The following classes are applied to menu items, i.e. to the HTML <li> tags, generated by wp_nav_menu()
:
All Menu Items All Menu Items
.menu-item
This class is added to every menu item..menu-item-has-children
This class is added to menu item which has sub-items ..menu-item-object-{object}
This class is added to every menu item, where {object} is either a post type or a taxonomy..menu-item-object-category
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a category..menu-item-object-tag
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a tag..menu-item-object-page
This class is added to menu items that correspond to static pages..menu-item-object-{custom}
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a custom post type or a custom taxonomy..menu-item-type-{type}
This class is added to every menu item, where {type} is either “post_type” or “taxonomy”..menu-item-type-post_type
This class is added to menu items that correspond to post types: i.e. static pages or custom post types..menu-item-type-taxonomy
This class is added to menu items that correspond to taxonomies: i.e. categories, tags, or custom taxonomies.
Current-Page Menu Items Current-Page Menu Items
.current-menu-item
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the currently rendered page.
Current-Page Parent Menu Items Current-Page Parent Menu Items
.current-menu-parent
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the hierarchical parent of the currently rendered page..current-{object}-parent
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the hierachical parent of the currently rendered object, where {object} corresponds to the the value used for .menu-item-object-{object}..current-{type}-parent
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the hierachical parent of the currently rendered type, where {type} corresponds to the the value used for .menu-item-type-{type}.
Current-Page Ancestor Menu Items Current-Page Ancestor Menu Items
.current-menu-ancestor
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a hierarchical ancestor of the currently rendered page..current-{object}-ancestor
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a hierachical ancestor of the currently rendered object, where {object} corresponds to the the value used for .menu-item-object-{object}..current-{type}-ancestor
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a hierachical ancestor of the currently rendered type, where {type} corresponds to the the value used for .menu-item-type-{type}.
Site Front Page Menu Items Site Front Page Menu Items
.menu-item-home
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the site front page.
Backward Compatibility with wp_page_menu() Backward Compatibility with wp_page_menu()
The following classes are added to maintain backward compatibility with the [[Function Reference/wp_page_menu|wp_page_menu()]] function output:
.page_item
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a static page..page_item_has_children
This class is added to menu items that have sub pages to it..page-item-$ID
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a static page, where $ID is the static page ID..current_page_item
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the currently rendered static page..current_page_parent
This class is added to menu items that correspond to the hierarchical parent of the currently rendered static page..current_page_ancestor
This class is added to menu items that correspond to a hierarchical ancestor of the currently rendered static page.
User Contributed Notes User Contributed Notes
You must log in before being able to contribute a note or feedback.
Different menus for logged-in users
This example would cause a menu to show for logged-in users and a different menu for users not logged-in.
Removing the
ul
wrapThis example will remove the unordered list wrap around the list items. Replacing the wrap HTML with the
%3$s
specifier results in only outputting the HTML list content for the menu items, becauseitems_wrap
is built usingsprintf()
items_wrap
default before:items_wrap
after:Example:
Using a Custom Walker Function
For deeper conditional classes, you’ll need to use a custom walker function (created in the
'walker' => new Your_Walker_Function
argument).The simplest way to build a new walker function is to copy and extend the default class (
Walker_Nav_Menu
) from /wp-includes/nav-menu-template.php and simply customize what you need.Example:
This custom walker function will add several conditional classes to your nav menu (i.e. sub-menu, even/odd, etc):
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Here is the ready to use snippet (not a real contribution, more than anything else a shortcut):
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Default example
Shows the first non-empty menu or
wp_page_menu()
.Targeting a specific menu with no fallback to
wp_page_menu()
In the case that no menu matching menu is found, it seems that passing a bogus
theme_location
is the only way to prevent falling back to the first non-empty menu:To clarify
link_before
vsbefore
, andlink_after
vsafter
The
link_before
/link_after
values are output WITHIN the link.Whereas,
before
/after
values are output OUTSIDE of the link, but within the list item.For example:
{before}{link_before}Link Text{link_after}{after}
Targeting a specific menu
Adding Conditional Classes to Menu Items
This example would let you add a custom class to a menu item based on the condition you specify. Don’t forget to change the condition.
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How to add a parent class for menu item
Sometimes you may need to add a class to a menu item if it has sub-menus.
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How to show a placeholder menu if no menu is set up
Credit: Salcode.
If you’ve just installed WordPress and activated a theme, there may not be a primary menu yet set up in Appearance > Menus. For these times you may want to show your own, placeholder, menu until that menu is set up.
To do this, use the fallback callback function. Like so:
Simple shortcode for displaying a menu
this will allow you to display a menu in where ever you add the shortcode, lots of room to expand the $args but left it simple.
Usage Example:
[get_menu menu="Main Menu"]
instead of large walkers you can simply filter menu item class names
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How to add
.active
class to active menu itemHere is the code:
Adding a Word at the Beginning of the Menu
This example will allows you to add the word of your choice to the beginning of your menu as a list item. In this example, the word “Menu:” is added at the beginning. You may want to set an id on the list item (“item-id” in this example) so that you can use CSS to style it.
I’m a little confused about the parameters “before / after” and “link_before / link_after”.
This reference says “before / after” are inside the link, including the link-text, and “link_before / link_after” are outside the link, including the link.
What confuses me:
Some tutorials say, it’s exactly the other way round, (inside / outside):
here and here
I’m coming to the same result, when looking at one of my active WP-installations.
What is correct?
Feedback
You were right to be confused: the arguments were in fact switched in terms of documentation. This has been fixed in [37561] for 4.6. Thanks for the tip! — By Drew Jaynes —