Class Hash

Library of array functions for manipulating and extracting data from arrays or 'sets' of data.

Hash provides an improved interface, more consistent and predictable set of features over Set. While it lacks the spotty support for pseudo Xpath, its more fully featured dot notation provides similar features in a more consistent implementation.

Namespace: Cake\Utility
Link: https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html
Location: Utility/Hash.php

Method Summary

_filter() protected static

Callback function for filtering.
_matchToken() protected static

Check a key against a token.
_matches() protected static

Checks whether or not $data matches the attribute patterns
_merge() protected static

Merge helper function to reduce duplicated code between merge() and expand().
_simpleOp() protected static

Perform a simple insert/remove operation.
_splitConditions() protected static

Split token conditions
_squash() protected static

Helper method for sort() Squashes an array to a single hash so it can be sorted.
apply() public static

Apply a callback to a set of extracted values using $function. The function will get the extracted values as the first argument.
check() public static

Test whether or not a given path exists in $data. This method uses the same path syntax as Hash::extract()
combine() public static

Creates an associative array using $keyPath as the path to build its keys, and optionally $valuePath as path to get the values. If $valuePath is not specified, all values will be initialized to null (useful for Hash::merge). You can optionally group the values by what is obtained when following the path specified in $groupPath.
contains() public static

Determines if one array contains the exact keys and values of another.
diff() public static

Computes the difference between two complex arrays. This method differs from the built-in array_diff() in that it will preserve keys and work on multi-dimensional arrays.
dimensions() public static

Counts the dimensions of an array. Only considers the dimension of the first element in the array.
expand() public static

Expands a flat array to a nested array.
extract() public static

Gets the values from an array matching the $path expression. The path expression is a dot separated expression, that can contain a set of patterns and expressions:
filter() public static

Recursively filters a data set.
flatten() public static

Collapses a multi-dimensional array into a single dimension, using a delimited array path for each array element's key, i.e. [['Foo' => ['Bar' => 'Far']]] becomes ['0.Foo.Bar' => 'Far'].)
format() public static

Returns a formatted series of values extracted from $data, using $format as the format and $paths as the values to extract.
get() public static

Get a single value specified by $path out of $data. Does not support the full dot notation feature set, but is faster for simple read operations.
insert() public static

Insert $values into an array with the given $path. You can use {n} and {s} elements to insert $data multiple times.
map() public static

Map a callback across all elements in a set. Can be provided a path to only modify slices of the set.
maxDimensions() public static

Counts the dimensions of all array elements. Useful for finding the maximum number of dimensions in a mixed array.
merge() public static

This function can be thought of as a hybrid between PHP's array_merge and array_merge_recursive.
mergeDiff() public static

Merges the difference between $data and $compare onto $data.
nest() public static

Takes in a flat array and returns a nested array
normalize() public static

Normalizes an array, and converts it to a standard format.
numeric() public static

Checks to see if all the values in the array are numeric
reduce() public static

Reduce a set of extracted values using $function.
remove() public static

Remove data matching $path from the $data array. You can use {n} and {s} to remove multiple elements from $data.
sort() public static

Sorts an array by any value, determined by a Set-compatible path

Method Detail

_filter() protected static ¶

_filter( mixed $var )

Callback function for filtering.

Parameters

mixed $var: Array to filter.

Returns

boolean

_matchToken() protected static ¶

_matchToken( string $key , string $token )

Check a key against a token.

Parameters

string $key: The key in the array being searched.
string $token: The token being matched.

Returns

boolean

_matches() protected static ¶

_matches( array|ArrayAccess $data , string $selector )

Checks whether or not $data matches the attribute patterns

Parameters

array|ArrayAccess $data: Array of data to match.
string $selector: The patterns to match.

Returns

boolean
Fitness of expression.

_merge() protected static ¶

_merge( array $stack , array $return )

Merge helper function to reduce duplicated code between merge() and expand().

Parameters

array $stack: The stack of operations to work with.
array $return: The return value to operate on.

_simpleOp() protected static ¶

_simpleOp( string $op , array $data , array $path , mixed $values null )

Perform a simple insert/remove operation.

Parameters

string $op: The operation to do.
array $data: The data to operate on.
array $path: The path to work on.
mixed $values optional null: The values to insert when doing inserts.

Returns

array
data.

_splitConditions() protected static ¶

_splitConditions( string $token )

Split token conditions

Parameters

string $token: the token being splitted.

Returns

array
[token, conditions] with token splitted

_squash() protected static ¶

_squash( array $data , string|null $key null )

Helper method for sort() Squashes an array to a single hash so it can be sorted.

Parameters

array $data: The data to squash.
string|null $key optional null: The key for the data.

Returns

array

apply() public static ¶

apply( array $data , string $path , callable $function )

Apply a callback to a set of extracted values using $function. The function will get the extracted values as the first argument.

Example

You can easily count the results of an extract using apply(). For example to count the comments on an Article:

$count = Hash::apply($data, 'Article.Comment.{n}', 'count');

You could also use a function like array_sum to sum the results.

$total = Hash::apply($data, '{n}.Item.price', 'array_sum');

Parameters

array $data: The data to reduce.
string $path: The path to extract from $data.
callable $function: The function to call on each extracted value.

Returns

mixed
The results of the applied method.

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::apply

check() public static ¶

check( array $data , string $path )

Test whether or not a given path exists in $data. This method uses the same path syntax as Hash::extract()

Checking for paths that could target more than one element will make sure that at least one matching element exists.

Parameters

array $data: The data to check.
string $path: The path to check for.

Returns

boolean
Existence of path.

See

\Cake\Utility\Hash::extract()

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::check

combine() public static ¶

combine( array $data , string $keyPath , string|null $valuePath null , string|null $groupPath null )

Creates an associative array using $keyPath as the path to build its keys, and optionally $valuePath as path to get the values. If $valuePath is not specified, all values will be initialized to null (useful for Hash::merge). You can optionally group the values by what is obtained when following the path specified in $groupPath.

Parameters

array $data: Array from where to extract keys and values
string $keyPath: A dot-separated string.
string|null $valuePath optional null: A dot-separated string.
string|null $groupPath optional null: A dot-separated string.

Returns

array
Combined array

Throws

RuntimeException
When keys and values count is unequal.

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::combine

contains() public static ¶

contains( array $data , array $needle )

Determines if one array contains the exact keys and values of another.

Parameters

array $data: The data to search through.
array $needle: The values to file in $data

Returns

boolean
true If $data contains $needle, false otherwise

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::contains

diff() public static ¶

diff( array $data , array $compare )

Computes the difference between two complex arrays. This method differs from the built-in array_diff() in that it will preserve keys and work on multi-dimensional arrays.

Parameters

array $data: First value
array $compare: Second value

Returns

array

Returns the key => value pairs that are not common in $data and $compare The expression for this function is ($data - $compare) + ($compare - ($data - $compare))

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::diff

dimensions() public static ¶

dimensions( array $data )

Counts the dimensions of an array. Only considers the dimension of the first element in the array.

If you have an un-even or heterogeneous array, consider using Hash::maxDimensions() to get the dimensions of the array.

Parameters

array $data: Array to count dimensions on

Returns

integer
The number of dimensions in $data

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::dimensions

expand() public static ¶

expand( array $data , string $separator '.' )

Expands a flat array to a nested array.

For example, unflattens an array that was collapsed with Hash::flatten() into a multi-dimensional array. So, ['0.Foo.Bar' => 'Far'] becomes [['Foo' => ['Bar' => 'Far']]].

Parameters

array $data: Flattened array
string $separator optional '.': The delimiter used

Returns

array

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::expand

extract() public static ¶

extract( array|ArrayAccess $data , string $path )

Gets the values from an array matching the $path expression. The path expression is a dot separated expression, that can contain a set of patterns and expressions:

{n} Matches any numeric key, or integer.
{s} Matches any string key.
{*} Matches any value.
Foo Matches any key with the exact same value.

There are a number of attribute operators:

=, != Equality.
>, <, >=, <= Value comparison.
=/.../ Regular expression pattern match.

Given a set of User array data, from a $User->find('all') call:

1.User.name Get the name of the user at index 1.
{n}.User.name Get the name of every user in the set of users.
{n}.User[id].name Get the name of every user with an id key.
{n}.User[id>=2].name Get the name of every user with an id key greater than or equal to 2.
{n}.User[username=/^paul/] Get User elements with username matching ^paul.
{n}.User[id=1].name Get the Users name with id matching 1.

Parameters

array|ArrayAccess $data: The data to extract from.
string $path: The path to extract.

Returns

array|ArrayAccess

An array of the extracted values. Returns an empty array if there are no matches.

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::extract

filter() public static ¶

filter( array $data , callable|array $callback ['self', '_filter'] )

Recursively filters a data set.

Parameters

array $data: Either an array to filter, or value when in callback
callable|array $callback optional ['self', '_filter']: A function to filter the data with. Defaults to static::_filter() Which strips out all non-zero empty values.

Returns

array
Filtered array

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::filter

flatten() public static ¶

flatten( array $data , string $separator '.' )

Collapses a multi-dimensional array into a single dimension, using a delimited array path for each array element's key, i.e. [['Foo' => ['Bar' => 'Far']]] becomes ['0.Foo.Bar' => 'Far'].)

Parameters

array $data: Array to flatten
string $separator optional '.': String used to separate array key elements in a path, defaults to '.'

Returns

array

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::flatten

format() public static ¶

format( array $data , array $paths , string $format )

Returns a formatted series of values extracted from $data, using $format as the format and $paths as the values to extract.

Usage:

$result = Hash::format($users, ['{n}.User.id', '{n}.User.name'], '%s : %s');

The $format string can use any format options that vsprintf() and sprintf() do.

Parameters

array $data: Source array from which to extract the data
array $paths: An array containing one or more Hash::extract()-style key paths
string $format: Format string into which values will be inserted, see sprintf()

Returns

array|null
An array of strings extracted from $path and formatted with $format

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::format

See

sprintf()
\Cake\Utility\Hash::extract()

get() public static ¶

get( array|ArrayAccess $data , string|array $path , mixed $default null )

Get a single value specified by $path out of $data. Does not support the full dot notation feature set, but is faster for simple read operations.

Parameters

array|ArrayAccess $data: Array of data or object implementing \ArrayAccess interface to operate on.
string|array $path: The path being searched for. Either a dot separated string, or an array of path segments.
mixed $default optional null: The return value when the path does not exist

The difference between this method and the built-in ones, is that if an array key contains another array, then Hash::merge() will behave in a recursive fashion (unlike array_merge). But it will not act recursively for keys that contain scalar values (unlike array_merge_recursive).

Note: This function will work with an unlimited amount of arguments and typecasts non-array parameters into arrays.

Parameters

array $data: Array to be merged
mixed $merge: Array to merge with. The argument and all trailing arguments will be array cast when merged

Returns

array
Merged array

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::merge

mergeDiff() public static ¶

mergeDiff( array $data , array $compare )

Merges the difference between $data and $compare onto $data.

Parameters

array $data: The data to append onto.
array $compare: The data to compare and append onto.

Returns

array
The merged array.

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::mergeDiff

nest() public static ¶

nest( array $data , array $options [] )

Takes in a flat array and returns a nested array

Options:

children The key name to use in the resultset for children.
idPath The path to a key that identifies each entry. Should be compatible with Hash::extract(). Defaults to {n}.$alias.id
parentPath The path to a key that identifies the parent of each entry. Should be compatible with Hash::extract(). Defaults to {n}.$alias.parent_id
root The id of the desired top-most result.

Parameters

array $data: The data to nest.
array $options optional []: Options are:

Returns

Sorts an array by any value, determined by a Set-compatible path

Sort directions

asc Sort ascending.
desc Sort descending.

Sort types

regular For regular sorting (don't change types)
numeric Compare values numerically
string Compare values as strings
locale Compare items as strings, based on the current locale
natural Compare items as strings using "natural ordering" in a human friendly way Will sort foo10 below foo2 as an example.

To do case insensitive sorting, pass the type as an array as follows:

Hash::sort($data, 'some.attribute', 'asc', ['type' => 'regular', 'ignoreCase' => true]);

When using the array form, type defaults to 'regular'. The ignoreCase option defaults to false.

Parameters

array $data: An array of data to sort
string $path: A Set-compatible path to the array value
string $dir optional 'asc': See directions above. Defaults to 'asc'.
array|string $type optional 'regular': See direction types above. Defaults to 'regular'.

Returns

array
Sorted array of data

Link

https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/core-libraries/hash.html#Cake\Utility\Hash::sort

Namespaces

Classes

Traits

Class Hash

Method Summary

_filter() protected static

_matchToken() protected static

_matches() protected static

_merge() protected static

_simpleOp() protected static

_splitConditions() protected static

_squash() protected static

apply() public static

check() public static

combine() public static

contains() public static

diff() public static

dimensions() public static

expand() public static

extract() public static

filter() public static

flatten() public static

format() public static

get() public static

insert() public static

map() public static

maxDimensions() public static

merge() public static

mergeDiff() public static

nest() public static

normalize() public static

numeric() public static

reduce() public static

remove() public static

sort() public static

Method Detail

_filter() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

_matchToken() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

_matches() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

_merge() protected static ¶

Parameters

_simpleOp() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

_splitConditions() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

_squash() protected static ¶

Parameters

Returns

apply() public static ¶

Example

Parameters

Returns

Link

check() public static ¶

Parameters

Returns

See

Link

combine() public static ¶

Parameters

Returns

Throws

Link

contains() public static ¶

Parameters

Returns

Link

diff() public static ¶

Parameters

Returns

Link

dimensions() public static ¶