This example shows you how to read an analog input pin, map the result to a range from 0 to 255, use that result to set the pulse width modulation (PWM) of an output pin to dim or brighten an LED and print the values on the serial monitor of the Arduino Software (IDE).
image developed using Fritzing. For more circuit examples, see the Fritzing project page
Connect one pin from your pot to 5V, the center pin to analog pin 0 and the remaining pin to ground. Next, connect a 220 ohm current limiting resistor to digital pin 9, with an LED in series. The long, positive leg (the anode) of the LED should be connected to the output from the resistor, with the shorter, negative leg (the cathode) connected to ground.
In the sketch below, after declaring two pin assignments (analog 0 for our potentiometer and digital 9 for your LED) and two variables, sensorValue
and outputValue
, the only things that you do in the setup()
function is to begin serial communication.
Next, in the main loop, sensorValue
is assigned to store the raw analog value read from the potentiometer. Arduino has an analogRead
range from 0 to 1023, and an analogWrite
range only from 0 to 255, therefore the data from the potentiometer needs to be converted to fit into the smaller range before using it to dim the LED.
In order to convert this value, use a function called map():
outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
outputValue
is assigned to equal the scaled value from the potentiometer. map()
accepts five arguments: The value to be mapped, the low range and high values of the input data, and the low and high values for that data to be remapped to. In this case, the sensor data is mapped down from its original range of 0 to 1023 to 0 to 255.
The newly mapped sensor data is then output to the analogOutPin
dimming or brightening the LED as the potentiometer is turned. Finally, both the raw and scaled sensor values are sent to the Arduino Software (IDE) serial monitor window, in a steady stream of data.
Last revision 2015/07/28 by SM