Serial Call and Response (handshaking)
This example demonstrates multi-byte communication from the Arduino or Genuino board to the computer using a call-and-response (handshaking) method.
This sketch sends an ASCII A (byte of value 65) on startup and repeats that until it gets a serial response from the computer. Then it sends three sensor values as single bytes, and waits for another response from the computer.
You can use the Arduino Software (IDE) serial monitor to view the sent data, or it can be read by Processing (see code below), Flash, PD, Max/MSP (see example below), etc.
Hardware Required
- Arduino or Genuino Board
- 2 analog sensors (potentiometer, photocell, FSR, etc.)
- pushbutton
- 3 10K ohm resistors
- hook-up wires
- breadboard
Software Required
Circuit
Connect analog sensors to analog input pin 0 and 1 with 10K ohm resistors used as voltage dividers. Connect a pushbutton or switch to digital I/O pin 2 with a 10K ohm resistor as a reference to ground.
click on the image to enlarge
image developed using Fritzing. For more circuit examples, see the Fritzing project page
Schematic
click the image to enlarge
Code
/*
Serial Call and Response
Language: Wiring/Arduino
This program sends an ASCII A (byte of value 65) on startup and repeats that
until it gets some data in. Then it waits for a byte in the serial port, and
sends three sensor values whenever it gets a byte in.
The circuit:
- potentiometers attached to analog inputs 0 and 1
- pushbutton attached to digital I/O 2
created 26 Sep 2005
by Tom Igoe
modified 24 Apr 2012
by Tom Igoe and Scott Fitzgerald
Thanks to Greg Shakar and Scott Fitzgerald for the improvements
This example code is in the public domain.
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponse
*/
int firstSensor = 0; // first analog sensor
int secondSensor = 0; // second analog sensor
int thirdSensor = 0; // digital sensor
int inByte = 0; // incoming serial byte
void setup() {
// start serial port at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
}
pinMode(2, INPUT); // digital sensor is on digital pin 2
establishContact(); // send a byte to establish contact until receiver responds
}
void loop() {
// if we get a valid byte, read analog ins:
if (Serial.available() > 0) {
// get incoming byte:
inByte = Serial.read();
// read first analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
firstSensor = analogRead(A0) / 4;
// delay 10ms to let the ADC recover:
delay(10);
// read second analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
secondSensor = analogRead(1) / 4;
// read switch, map it to 0 or 255L
thirdSensor = map(digitalRead(2), 0, 1, 0, 255);
// send sensor values:
Serial.write(firstSensor);
Serial.write(secondSensor);
Serial.write(thirdSensor);
}
}
void establishContact() {
while (Serial.available() <= 0) {
Serial.print('A'); // send a capital A
delay(300);
}
}
/* Processing sketch to run with this example:
// This example code is in the public domain.
import processing.serial.*;
int bgcolor; // Background color
int fgcolor; // Fill color
Serial myPort; // The serial port
int[] serialInArray = new int[3]; // Where we'll put what we receive
int serialCount = 0; // A count of how many bytes we receive
int xpos, ypos; // Starting position of the ball
boolean firstContact = false; // Whether we've heard from the microcontroller
void setup() {
size(256, 256); // Stage size
noStroke(); // No border on the next thing drawn
// Set the starting position of the ball (middle of the stage)
xpos = width / 2;
ypos = height / 2;
// Print a list of the serial ports for debugging purposes
// if using Processing 2.1 or later, use Serial.printArray()
println(Serial.list());
// I know that the first port in the serial list on my Mac is always my FTDI
// adaptor, so I open Serial.list()[0].
// On Windows machines, this generally opens COM1.
// Open whatever port is the one you're using.
String portName = Serial.list()[0];
myPort = new Serial(this, portName, 9600);
}
void draw() {
background(bgcolor);
fill(fgcolor);
// Draw the shape
ellipse(xpos, ypos, 20, 20);
}
void serialEvent(Serial myPort) {
// read a byte from the serial port:
int inByte = myPort.read();
// if this is the first byte received, and it's an A, clear the serial
// buffer and note that you've had first contact from the microcontroller.
// Otherwise, add the incoming byte to the array:
if (firstContact == false) {
if (inByte == 'A') {
myPort.clear(); // clear the serial port buffer
firstContact = true; // you've had first contact from the microcontroller
myPort.write('A'); // ask for more
}
}
else {
// Add the latest byte from the serial port to array:
serialInArray[serialCount] = inByte;
serialCount++;
// If we have 3 bytes:
if (serialCount > 2 ) {
xpos = serialInArray[0];
ypos = serialInArray[1];
fgcolor = serialInArray[2];
// print the values (for debugging purposes only):
println(xpos + "\t" + ypos + "\t" + fgcolor);
// Send a capital A to request new sensor readings:
myPort.write('A');
// Reset serialCount:
serialCount = 0;
}
}
}
*/
/* Max/MSP version 5 patch to run with this example:
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*/
Serial Call and Response
Language: Wiring/Arduino
This program sends an ASCII A (byte of value 65) on startup and repeats that
until it gets some data in. Then it waits for a byte in the serial port, and
sends three sensor values whenever it gets a byte in.
The circuit:
- potentiometers attached to analog inputs 0 and 1
- pushbutton attached to digital I/O 2
created 26 Sep 2005
by Tom Igoe
modified 24 Apr 2012
by Tom Igoe and Scott Fitzgerald
Thanks to Greg Shakar and Scott Fitzgerald for the improvements
This example code is in the public domain.
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponse
*/
int firstSensor = 0; // first analog sensor
int secondSensor = 0; // second analog sensor
int thirdSensor = 0; // digital sensor
int inByte = 0; // incoming serial byte
void setup() {
// start serial port at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
}
pinMode(2, INPUT); // digital sensor is on digital pin 2
establishContact(); // send a byte to establish contact until receiver responds
}
void loop() {
// if we get a valid byte, read analog ins:
if (Serial.available() > 0) {
// get incoming byte:
inByte = Serial.read();
// read first analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
firstSensor = analogRead(A0) / 4;
// delay 10ms to let the ADC recover:
delay(10);
// read second analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
secondSensor = analogRead(1) / 4;
// read switch, map it to 0 or 255L
thirdSensor = map(digitalRead(2), 0, 1, 0, 255);
// send sensor values:
Serial.write(firstSensor);
Serial.write(secondSensor);
Serial.write(thirdSensor);
}
}
void establishContact() {
while (Serial.available() <= 0) {
Serial.print('A'); // send a capital A
delay(300);
}
}
/* Processing sketch to run with this example:
// This example code is in the public domain.
import processing.serial.*;
int bgcolor; // Background color
int fgcolor; // Fill color
Serial myPort; // The serial port
int[] serialInArray = new int[3]; // Where we'll put what we receive
int serialCount = 0; // A count of how many bytes we receive
int xpos, ypos; // Starting position of the ball
boolean firstContact = false; // Whether we've heard from the microcontroller
void setup() {
size(256, 256); // Stage size
noStroke(); // No border on the next thing drawn
// Set the starting position of the ball (middle of the stage)
xpos = width / 2;
ypos = height / 2;
// Print a list of the serial ports for debugging purposes
// if using Processing 2.1 or later, use Serial.printArray()
println(Serial.list());
// I know that the first port in the serial list on my Mac is always my FTDI
// adaptor, so I open Serial.list()[0].
// On Windows machines, this generally opens COM1.
// Open whatever port is the one you're using.
String portName = Serial.list()[0];
myPort = new Serial(this, portName, 9600);
}
void draw() {
background(bgcolor);
fill(fgcolor);
// Draw the shape
ellipse(xpos, ypos, 20, 20);
}
void serialEvent(Serial myPort) {
// read a byte from the serial port:
int inByte = myPort.read();
// if this is the first byte received, and it's an A, clear the serial
// buffer and note that you've had first contact from the microcontroller.
// Otherwise, add the incoming byte to the array:
if (firstContact == false) {
if (inByte == 'A') {
myPort.clear(); // clear the serial port buffer
firstContact = true; // you've had first contact from the microcontroller
myPort.write('A'); // ask for more
}
}
else {
// Add the latest byte from the serial port to array:
serialInArray[serialCount] = inByte;
serialCount++;
// If we have 3 bytes:
if (serialCount > 2 ) {
xpos = serialInArray[0];
ypos = serialInArray[1];
fgcolor = serialInArray[2];
// print the values (for debugging purposes only):
println(xpos + "\t" + ypos + "\t" + fgcolor);
// Send a capital A to request new sensor readings:
myPort.write('A');
// Reset serialCount:
serialCount = 0;
}
}
}
*/
/* Max/MSP version 5 patch to run with this example:
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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------
*/
Processing Code
Copy the Processing sketch from the code sample above. As you change the value of the analog sensor, you'll get a ball moving onscreen something like this. The ball will appear only when you push the button:
Max Code
The max patch looks like this. Copy the text from the code sample above.
See Also:
- serial.begin()
- serial.available()
- serial.print()
- analogRead()
- ASCIITable - Demonstrates Arduino's advanced serial output functions.
- Dimmer - Move the mouse to change the brightness of an LED.
- Graph - Send data to the computer and graph it in Processing.
- Midi - Send MIDI note messages serially.
- MultiSerialMega - Use two of the serial ports available on the Arduino and Genuino Mega.
- PhysicalPixel - Turn a LED on and off by sending data to your board from Processing or Max/MSP.
- ReadASCIIString - Parse a comma-separated string of integers to fade an LED.
- SerialCallResponseASCII - Send multiple variables using a call-and-response (handshaking) method, and ASCII-encode the values before sending.
- SerialEvent - Demonstrates the use of SerialEvent().
- VirtualColorMixer - Send multiple variables from Arduino to your computer and read them in Processing or Max/MSP.
Last revision 2015/07/29 by SM
