std::copy, std::copy_if

 

C++

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Technical Specifications

 

Algorithm library

Execution policies (C++17)
is_execution_policy	sequentialparpar_vec	sequential_execution_policyparallel_execution_policyparallel_vector_execution_policy
Non-modifying sequence operations
all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) for_each for_each_n (C++17)	countcount_if mismatch equal lexicographical_compare	findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of	adjacent_find search search_n
Modifying sequence operations
copycopy_if (C++11) copy_n (C++11) copy_backward move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) transform	fill fill_n generate generate_n swap iter_swap swap_ranges sample (C++17)	removeremove_if replacereplace_if reverse rotate unique random_shuffle (until C++17)	remove_copyremove_copy_if replace_copyreplace_copy_if reverse_copy rotate_copy unique_copy shuffle (C++11)
Operations on uninitialized storage
uninitialized_copy	uninitialized_copy_n	uninitialized_fill	uninitialized_fill_n
Partitioning operations
is_partitioned (C++11) partition_point (C++11)	partition partition_copy (C++11)	stable_partition
Sorting operations
is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11)	sort stable_sort	partial_sort partial_sort_copy	nth_element
Binary search operations
lower_bound	upper_bound	binary_search	equal_range
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
merge inplace_merge	set_difference set_intersection	set_symmetric_difference set_union	includes
Heap operations
is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11)	make_heap sort_heap	push_heap pop_heap
Minimum/maximum operations
max max_element	min min_element	minmax (C++11) minmax_element (C++11)	clamp (C++17)
Permutations
is_permutation (C++11)	next_permutation	prev_permutation
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) inner_product adjacent_difference	accumulate reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17)	partial_sum inclusive_scan (C++17) exclusive_scan (C++17)	transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
C library
qsort	bsearch

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt > OutputIt copy( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first );	(1)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class OutputIt > OutputIt copy( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first );	(2)	(since C++17)
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate > OutputIt copy_if( InputIt first, InputIt last,                   OutputIt d_first,                   UnaryPredicate pred );	(3)	(since C++11)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate > OutputIt copy_if( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last,                   OutputIt d_first,                   UnaryPredicate pred );	(4)	(since C++17)

Copies the elements in the range, defined by [first, last), to another range beginning at d_first.

1) Copies all elements in the range [first, last). The behavior is undefined if d_first is within the range [first, last). In this case, std::copy_backward may be used instead.

3) Only copies the elements for which the predicate pred returns true. The order of the elements that are not removed is preserved. The behavior is undefined if the source and the destination ranges overlap.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to copy
d_first	-	the beginning of the destination range.
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
pred	-	unary predicate which returns ​true for the required elements. The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:  bool pred(const Type &a); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it. The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type. ​
Type requirements
- InputIt must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
- OutputIt must meet the requirements of OutputIterator.
- UnaryPredicate must meet the requirements of Predicate.

Return value

Output iterator to the element in the destination range, one past the last element copied.

Complexity

1-2) Exactly last - first assignments

3-4) Exactly last - first applications of the predicate

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

• If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception,

• if policy is std::parallel_vector_execution_policy, std::terminate is called
• if policy is std::sequential_execution_policy or std::parallel_execution_policy, the algorithm exits with an std::exception_list containing all uncaught exceptions. If there was only one uncaught exception, the algorithm may rethrow it without wrapping in std::exception_list. It is unspecified how much work the algorithm will perform before returning after the first exception was encountered.
• if policy is some other type, the behavior is implementation-defined

• If the algorithm fails to allocate memory (either for itself or to construct an std::exception_list when handling a user exception), std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Notes

In practice, implementations of std::copy avoid multiple assignments and use bulk copy functions such as std::memmove if the value type is TriviallyCopyable

When copying overlapping ranges, std::copy is appropriate when copying to the left (beginning of the destination range is outside the source range) while std::copy_backward is appropriate when copying to the right (end of the destination range is outside the source range).

Possible implementation

First version
template<class InputIt, class OutputIt> OutputIt copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first) { while (first != last) { *d_first++ = *first++; } return d_first; }
Second version
template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate> OutputIt copy_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first, UnaryPredicate pred) { while (first != last) { if (pred(*first)) *d_first++ = *first; first++; } return d_first; }

Example

The following code uses copy to both copy the contents of one vector to another and to display the resulting vector:

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <numeric>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> from_vector(10);
    std::iota(from_vector.begin(), from_vector.end(), 0);
 
    std::vector<int> to_vector;
    std::copy(from_vector.begin(), from_vector.end(),
              std::back_inserter(to_vector));
// or, alternatively,
//  std::vector<int> to_vector(from_vector.size());
//  std::copy(from_vector.begin(), from_vector.end(), to_vector.begin());
// either way is equivalent to
//  std::vector<int> to_vector = from_vector;
 
    std::cout << "to_vector contains: ";
 
    std::copy(to_vector.begin(), to_vector.end(),
              std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

to_vector contains: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

See also

copy_backward	copies a range of elements in backwards order (function template)
copy_n (C++11)	copies a number of elements to a new location (function template)
fill	assigns a range of elements a certain value (function template)
remove_copyremove_copy_if	copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::copy (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of std::copy (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::copy_if (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of std::copy_if (function template)