std::find, std::find_if, std::find_if_not

 

C++

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Technical Specifications

 

Algorithm library

Execution policies (C++17)
is_execution_policy	sequentialparpar_vec	sequential_execution_policyparallel_execution_policyparallel_vector_execution_policy
Non-modifying sequence operations
all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) for_each for_each_n (C++17)	countcount_if mismatch equal lexicographical_compare	findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of	adjacent_find search search_n
Modifying sequence operations
copycopy_if (C++11) copy_n (C++11) copy_backward move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) transform	fill fill_n generate generate_n swap iter_swap swap_ranges sample (C++17)	removeremove_if replacereplace_if reverse rotate unique random_shuffle (until C++17)	remove_copyremove_copy_if replace_copyreplace_copy_if reverse_copy rotate_copy unique_copy shuffle (C++11)
Operations on uninitialized storage
uninitialized_copy	uninitialized_copy_n	uninitialized_fill	uninitialized_fill_n
Partitioning operations
is_partitioned (C++11) partition_point (C++11)	partition partition_copy (C++11)	stable_partition
Sorting operations
is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11)	sort stable_sort	partial_sort partial_sort_copy	nth_element
Binary search operations
lower_bound	upper_bound	binary_search	equal_range
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
merge inplace_merge	set_difference set_intersection	set_symmetric_difference set_union	includes
Heap operations
is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11)	make_heap sort_heap	push_heap pop_heap
Minimum/maximum operations
max max_element	min min_element	minmax (C++11) minmax_element (C++11)	clamp (C++17)
Permutations
is_permutation (C++11)	next_permutation	prev_permutation
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) inner_product adjacent_difference	accumulate reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17)	partial_sum inclusive_scan (C++17) exclusive_scan (C++17)	transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
C library
qsort	bsearch

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class InputIt, class T > InputIt find( InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value );	(1)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class T > InputIt find( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value );	(2)	(since C++17)
template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > InputIt find_if( InputIt first, InputIt last,                  UnaryPredicate p );	(3)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > InputIt find_if( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last,                  UnaryPredicate p );	(4)	(since C++17)
template< class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > InputIt find_if_not( InputIt first, InputIt last,                      UnaryPredicate q );	(5)	(since C++11)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate > InputIt find_if_not( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last,                      UnaryPredicate q );	(6)	(since C++17)

Returns the first element in the range [first, last) that satisfies specific criteria:

1) find searches for an element equal to value

3) find_if searches for an element for which predicate p returns true

5) find_if_not searches for an element for which predicate q returns false

2,4,6) Same as (1,3,5), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to examine
value	-	value to compare the elements to
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
p	-	unary predicate which returns ​true for the required element. The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:  bool pred(const Type &a); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it. The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type. ​
q	-	unary predicate which returns ​false for the required element. The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:  bool pred(const Type &a); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it. The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type. ​
Type requirements
- InputIt must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
- UnaryPredicate must meet the requirements of Predicate.

Return value

Iterator to the first element satisfying the condition or last if no such element is found.

Complexity

At most last - first applications of the predicate

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

• If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception,

• if policy is std::parallel_vector_execution_policy, std::terminate is called
• if policy is std::sequential_execution_policy or std::parallel_execution_policy, the algorithm exits with an std::exception_list containing all uncaught exceptions. If there was only one uncaught exception, the algorithm may rethrow it without wrapping in std::exception_list. It is unspecified how much work the algorithm will perform before returning after the first exception was encountered.
• if policy is some other type, the behavior is implementation-defined

• If the algorithm fails to allocate memory (either for itself or to construct an std::exception_list when handling a user exception), std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Possible implementation

First version
template<class InputIt, class T> InputIt find(InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value) { for (; first != last; ++first) { if (*first == value) { return first; } } return last; }
Second version
template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate> InputIt find_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p) { for (; first != last; ++first) { if (p(*first)) { return first; } } return last; }
Third version
template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate> InputIt find_if_not(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate q) { for (; first != last; ++first) { if (!q(*first)) { return first; } } return last; }

If you do not have C++11, an equivalent to std::find_if_not is to use std::find_if with the negated predicate.

template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate> InputIt find_if_not(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate q) { return std::find_if(first, last, std::not1(q)); }

Example

The following example finds an integer in a vector of integers.

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
 
int main()
{
    int n1 = 3;
    int n2 = 5;
 
    std::vector<int> v{0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
 
    auto result1 = std::find(std::begin(v), std::end(v), n1);
    auto result2 = std::find(std::begin(v), std::end(v), n2);
 
    if (result1 != std::end(v)) {
        std::cout << "v contains: " << n1 << '\n';
    } else {
        std::cout << "v does not contain: " << n1 << '\n';
    }
 
    if (result2 != std::end(v)) {
        std::cout << "v contains: " << n2 << '\n';
    } else {
        std::cout << "v does not contain: " << n2 << '\n';
    }
}

Output:

v contains: 3
v does not contain: 5

See also

adjacent_find	finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate) (function template)
find_end	finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range (function template)
find_first_of	searches for any one of a set of elements (function template)
mismatch	finds the first position where two ranges differ (function template)
search	searches for a range of elements (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::find (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of std::find (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::find_if (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of std::find_if (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::find_if_not (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of std::find_if_not (function template)