std::for_each

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
template< class InputIt, class UnaryFunction > UnaryFunction for_each( InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryFunction f );	(1)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class UnaryFunction2 > void for_each( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryFunction2 f );	(2)	(since C++17)

1) Applies the given function object f to the result of dereferencing every iterator in the range [first, last), in order.

2) Applies the given function object f to the result of dereferencing every iterator in the range [first, last) (not necessarily in order). The algorithm is executed according to policy. This overload does not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true.

For both overloads, if InputIt is a mutable iterator, f may modify the elements of the range through the dereferenced iterator. If f returns a result, the result is ignored.

first, last	-	the range to apply the function to
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
f	-	function object, to be applied to the result of dereferencing every iterator in the range `[first, last)` The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following: void fun(const Type &a); The signature does not need to have const &. The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type.
Type requirements
- `InputIt` must meet the requirements of `InputIterator`.
- `UnaryFunction` must meet the requirements of `MoveConstructible`. Does not have to be `CopyConstructible`
- `UnaryFunction2` must meet the requirements of `CopyConstructible`.

[edit] Return value

1) f (until C++11) std::move(f) (since C++11)

2) (nothing)

[edit] Complexity

Exactly last - first applications of f

[edit] Exceptions

The overload with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy reports errors as follows:

If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception,

if policy is std::parallel_vector_execution_policy, std::terminate is called
if policy is std::sequential_execution_policy or std::parallel_execution_policy, the algorithm exits with an std::exception_list containing all uncaught exceptions. If there was only one uncaught exception, the algorithm may rethrow it without wrapping in std::exception_list. It is unspecified how much work the algorithm will perform before returning after the first exception was encountered.
if policy is some other type, the behavior is implementation-defined

If the algorithm fails to allocate memory (either for itself or to construct an std::exception_list when handling a user exception), std::bad_alloc is thrown.

[edit] Possible implementation

template<class InputIt, class UnaryFunction>
UnaryFunction for_each(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryFunction f)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        f(*first);
    }
    return f;
}

[edit] Example

The following example uses a lambda function to increment all of the elements of a vector and then uses an overloaded operator() in a functor to compute their sum:

Run this code

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
 
struct Sum
{
    Sum(): sum{0} { }
    void operator()(int n) { sum += n; }
    int sum;
};
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> nums{3, 4, 2, 8, 15, 267};
 
    std::cout << "before:";
    for (auto const &n : nums)
    {
        std::cout << ' ' << n;
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    std::for_each(nums.begin(), nums.end(), [](int &n){ n++; });
 
    // calls Sum::operator() for each number
    Sum s = std::for_each(nums.begin(), nums.end(), Sum());
 
    std::cout << "after: ";
    for (auto const &n : nums)
    {
        std::cout << ' ' << n;
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
    std::cout << "sum: " << s.sum << '\n';
}

Output:

before: 3 4 2 8 15 267
after:  4 5 3 9 16 268
sum: 305

[edit] See also

transform	applies a function to a range of elements (function template)
range-for loop	executes loop over range (since C++11)
for_each_n (C++17)	applies a function object to the first n elements of a sequence (function template)

Language
Standard library headers
Concepts
Utilities library
Strings library
Containers library
Algorithms library
Iterators library
Numerics library
Input/output library
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Regular expressions library (C++11)
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Thread support library (C++11)
Filesystem library (C++17)
Technical Specifications